Virtual power plant (VPP) with a carbon capture system provides a new path to improve energy efficiency and achieve the target of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. At the same time, flexible coordination of multiple uncertainties in the VPP system is a key premise to realize low-carbon operation of the system. A low-carbon economic dispatch model of VPP considering ladder-type carbon trading in multiple uncertainties is proposed. The carbon capture system and demand response are modeled, and a carbon trading mechanism is introduced into the optimal dispatch model to build a ladder-type carbon trading cost model to restrict system carbon emissions. A variety of uncertain factors in VPP is modeled, including wind power generation, photovoltaic, load and electric vehicle, and a low carbon economic dispatch model of VPP is established considering opportunity constraints. The uncertainty of electric vehicles is dealt with by using adjustable robust optimization. Based on the sequence operation theory, the uncertain model with opportunity constraints is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming model. The decision optimization technology CPLEX solution is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model in an actual VPP example.