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| Development Status and Prospect of Intelligent Air Defense Operations Technology |
| WANG Shuobo1， SONG Dian2， ZHAI Guohua2 |
| 1. Shanghai Electro-Mechanical Engineering Institute， Shanghai 201109， China；
2. School of Information and Electronic Engineering， East China Normal University，Shanghai 200241， China |
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Abstract New aerial strike weapons such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms, loitering munitions, and hypersonic weapons have spawned emerging air-space threats featuring full-domain penetration, low cost, saturation strikes and high intelligence. Traditional air defense systems can no longer fully satisfy the requirements of modern combat, making the intelligent transformation of air defense an irresistible trend. This paper first systematically reviews the development background and technological evolution of intelligent air defense operations. With the closed-loop Observe-Orient-Decide-Act (OODA) cycle as the core logical clue, it analyzes the enabling mechanisms of artificial intelligence in all links covering situational awareness, intelligence analysis, command decision-making, fire control and damage assessment. Second, foundational supporting technologies including chips, big data engineering and edge computing are elaborated. Combined with the latest field and operational progress of typical projects: the U.S. Joint All-Domain Command and Control (JADC2), Integrated Battle Command System (IBCS), Palantir, Skyborg and X-62A, as well as Israel's Golden Dome Air Defense System, this paper carries out an in-depth comparative analysis on intelligent air defense systems across multiple countries. Finally, it discusses core bottlenecks constraining current intelligent air defense development, including system reliability, autonomous capability, practical combat applicability and architectural resilience, and puts forward objective judgments on developmental trends. Intelligent air defense is evolving at an accelerated pace from single-platform intelligence to full-domain systematic intelligence, distributed collaborative operation, integrated soft and hard kill effects and in-depth air-space convergence.
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Received: 27 March 2026
Published: 10 July 2026
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2026, Vol. 9 
