Participation of Energy Storage Batteries in Primary Frequency Control for Power Grid Considering Dynamic Frequency Inertia Characteristics

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.257

Abstract

Abstract:

The inertial of the system and the maximum frequency deviation caused by the energy storage batteries when participating in grid frequency regulation need to be improved. Virtual synchronous generator control (VSG) for grid side converter is expected to improve the performance of storage battery energy participation in grid primary frequency regulation. Therefore, participation of energy storage batteries in primary frequency control for power grid is proposed considering dynamic frequency inertia characteristics. To utilize the inertial support and primary frequency regulation capability of the energy storage batteries for the grid, an additional active power module is constructed, and the active power generated by the virtual inertial control and droop control strategies of the energy storage batteries are used as additional power for variable rotor inertial control and output feedback model predictive control, respectively. For the mismatch between the inertia characteristics of the virtual synchronous machine and the grid demand, a variable rotor inertia control strategy considering system frequency deviation and system frequency change rate is designed to realize the real-time adjustment of rotor inertia to the system frequency. The output feedback model prediction control of VSG is further proposed to achieve dynamic prediction and compensation of system frequency deviation by establishing a feedback channel between rotor angular frequency increment and torque increment. A comparative analysis with three existing control strategies shows that the control strategy proposed can make full use of the frequency regulation capability of the energy storage battery and VSG to effectively reduce the frequency deviation and frequency variation rate of the grid.

Key words: inertial response, primary frequency regulation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG), variable rotor inertial control, output feedback model predictive control

CLC Number:

TM614

CAI Zhenhua, LI Canbing, YANG Tongguang, WEI Juan, GE Rui, LI Lixiong. Participation of Energy Storage Batteries in Primary Frequency Control for Power Grid Considering Dynamic Frequency Inertia Characteristics[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(12): 1946-1956.

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时间区段	转子角速度变化率	转子角速度	转速恢复对惯量的需求
t∈[t₁, t₂]	正	ω>ω_ref	增加
t∈[t₂, t₃]	负	ω>ω_ref	减少
t∈[t₃, t₄]	负	ω<ω_ref	增加
t∈[t₄, t₅]	正	ω<ω_ref	减少

机组编号	d轴同步电抗	d轴暂态电抗	d轴次暂态电抗	q轴同步电抗	q轴暂态电抗	q轴次暂态电抗	漏抗
G₁	0.896	0.120	0.089	0.865	0.864	0.089	0.052
G₂	0.146	0.061	0.040	0.097	0.097	0.060	0.034

参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
额定电压/V	575	转子电阻(p.u.)	0.005	惯量常数/s	5.04
额定频率/Hz	50	转子电感(p.u.)	0.156	直流母线电容/F	0.35
定子电阻(p.u.)	0.00706	励磁电感(p.u.)	2.9	网侧滤波电感(p.u.)	0.15
定子电感(p.u.)	0.171	极对数	3	网侧滤波电阻(p.u.)	0.0015

控制策略	Δf_max/ Hz	Δf_ste/ Hz	Δ $P g e, m a x p . u .$	d_ini/ (Hz·s^-1)
风电机组无调频控制	0.375	0.075	0.269	6.314
综合惯性控制	0.288	0.075	0.373	5.145
储能参与调频控制	0.224	0.063	0.382	4.011
本文控制策略	0.208	0.058	0.398	3.078

控制策略	Δf_max/Hz	Δf_ste/Hz	Δ $P g e, m a x p . u .$
风电机组无调频控制	0.0204	0.0150	0.519
综合惯性控制	0.0191	0.0150	0.519
储能电池参与调频控制	0.0178	0.0138	0.539
本文控制策略	0.0176	0.0133	0.544