Abstract: The problem of energy cooperation in cellular networks with energy-harvesting (EH) base stations is studied in this paper. Specially, the base stations (BSs) are powered by individual hybrid power supplies (including both the conventional grid and renewable energy sources), connected by resistive power lines for energy sharing. First, we proposed a new model for energy cooperation between cellular BSs, and the energy harvested was stored in individual limited rechargeable batteries before usage. We employed linear programming, greedy algorithm and Lyapunov optimization to develop energy cooperation schemes under three different scenarios based on the proposed new model, and gave the corresponding optimal offline algorithm and online algorithm. The goal in this work is to minimize the sum of the energy consumed by the BSs from the conventional power grid, that is, to improve the utilization efficiency of the energy harvested and reduce carbon emissions. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through numerical simulations, at the same time the impacts of the transfer efficiency and the capacity of the battery on the property of the BSs are given under energy cooperation.

Key words: energy harvesting; energy cooperation; cellular networks; Lyapunov optimization