基于前列腺癌原发灶的术前磁共振影像定量特征预测盆腔淋巴结转移（pelvic lymph node metastasis， PLNM）是治疗方案制定的重要参考。然而，现有预测方法对肿瘤原发灶内部的异质性信息提取不充分，导致提取的图像定量特征与PLNM预测的关联性不足。针对以上问题，提出一种肿瘤分割任务作为辅助任务的注意力引导多任务学习网络用于PLNM预测。首先，在肿瘤分割网络中提出多分支各向异性大核注意力模块，通过不同分支、各向异性大卷积核获得更大的感受野从而有效获取肿瘤的局部和全局信息。然后，在PLNM预测网络中提出多尺度特征交互融合注意力模块，对多尺度特征进行层次化融合筛选。在320例数据集上的实验显示，所提方法的AUPRC值（85.44%±2.04%）和AUROC值（91.86%±2.18%）优于经典的单任务分类方法和多任务方法。

Prediction of pelvic lymph node metastasis (PLNM) based on quantitative preoperative magnetic resonance imaging features of prostate cancer primary tumor is an important reference for treatment planning. However, current prediction methods inadequately capture the heterogeneity information within the primary tumor, resulting in insufficient correlation between extracted quantitative image features and PLNM prediction. In response to the aforementioned issues, an attention guided multi-task learning network with tumor segmentation as an auxiliary task is proposed for PLNM prediction. Firstly, within the tumor segmentation network, a multi-branch anisotropic large kernel attention module is introduced, where a larger receptive field is obtained through different branches and anisotropic large convolutional kernels, effectively capturing both local and global tumor information. Subsequently, within the PLNM prediction network, a multi-scale feature interaction fusion attention module is introduced to hierarchically fuse and select features from multiple scales. Experimental results on a dataset of 320 cases demonstrate that the proposed method achieves superior AUPRC (85.44%±2.04%) and AUROC (91.86%±2.18%) values compared to state-of-the-art methods and multi-task methods.