上海交通大学学报

上海交通大学学报 >

2021 , Vol. 55 >Issue 11: 1380 - 1391

DOI: https://doi.org/10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2020.251

基于风险的超高层施工钢平台疏散模型及应用

展开
  • 上海市公共建筑和基础设施数字化运维重点实验室,上海 200240
华 莹(1994-),女,江苏省扬州市人,博士生,从事土木工程结构安全研究.

收稿日期: 2020-08-07

  网络出版日期: 2021-12-03

基金资助

国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0805500)

收起

Risk-Based Evacuation Model for Steel Platform Formwork in Skyscraper Construction and Its Application

Expand
  • Shanghai Key Laboratory for Digital Maintenance of Buildings and Infrastructure, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Received date: 2020-08-07

  Online published: 2021-12-03

Fold

摘要

整体钢平台模架体系在超高层建筑施工过程中应用广泛,复杂的施工环境为施工人员带来了高度的风险,有必要建立基于风险随机性的超高层建筑施工钢平台人员疏散模型.首先,考虑危险源在钢平台的空间分布划分危险区域,通过风险调研问卷收集专家数据从而建立风险联合概率评估模型;然后,基于元胞自动机地面场模型将风险评估与人员疏散结合,对钢平台施工人员的疏散过程进行仿真;最后,将该模型应用于某实际超高层建筑施工项目中.结果表明:钢平台顶层及下层危险区域对施工人员疏散的影响程度受出口大小的影响显著.模型为经验导向的施工现场安全预警和人员管控提供了新范式,对整体钢平台模架体系的安全运维具有重要的理论和应用价值.

关键词： 超高层建筑施工; 整体钢平台体系; 危险区域; 风险随机概率; 人员疏散

本文引用格式

华莹, 何军, 赵金城, 邹杰新, 张菁菁, 阮诗鹏 . 基于风险的超高层施工钢平台疏散模型及应用[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021 , 55(11) : 1380 -1391 . DOI: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2020.251

Abstract

Integral steel platform formwork is widely used in the construction of super high-rise buildings, which brings a high degree of risk uncertainty to construction personnel. Therefore, it is crucial and necessary to establish a risk-based evacuation model for steel platform formwork in skyscraper construction. First, the spatial distribution of hazards sources on the steel platform is considered, hazardous areas are defined, and expert data are collected through survey questionnaires to assess the joint risk probability. Next, the joint risk probability of hazardous areas is coupled into the evacuation process based on the cellular automaton floor field model, and the evacuation process of construction personnel on the steel platform is simulated. Finally, the proposed risk-based evacuation simulation model is applied to an actual construction project. The results show that the influence of the top and lower hazardous areas on the evacuation process is significantly affected by the size of the exit. The model provides a new paradigm for experience-oriented construction safety management, with a theoretical and application value for the maintenance of the integral steel platform formwork system.

Key words： super high-rise building construction; integral steel platform formwork; hazardous area; risk probability; evacuation

参考文献

[1] 黄玉林, 夏巨伟. 超高结构建造的钢柱筒架交替支撑式液压爬升整体钢平台模架体系计算分析[J]. 建筑施工, 2016, 38(6):743-746.
[1] HUANG Yulin, XIA Juwei. Research and calculation analysis of hydraulic climbing formwork system alternately supported by steel columns and tabular frames for construction of super high building[J]. Building Construction, 2016, 38(6):743-746.
[2] 骆艳斌, 徐伟, 龚剑, 等. 超高层建筑整体钢平台模板体系风振响应区间分析[J]. 工业建筑, 2006, 36(Sup.1):537-541.
[2] LUO Yanbin, XU Wei, GONG Jian, et al. Interval analysis on wind induced response of integral steel platform formwork system for super high buildings construction[J]. Industrial Construction, 2006, 36(Sup.1):537-541.
[3] 徐伟, 孙旻, 骆艳斌, 等. 上海环球金融中心整体钢平台模板体系动力可靠性分析[J]. 建筑技术, 2008, 39(5):336-339.
[3] XU Wei, SUN Min, LUO Yanbin, et al. Analysis on dynamic reliability of integral steel platform formwork system in Shanghai global finance center project[J]. Architecture Technology, 2008, 39(5):336-339.
[4] 龚剑, 朱毅敏, 徐磊. 超高层建筑核心筒结构施工中的筒架支撑式液压爬升整体钢平台模架技术[J]. 建筑施工, 2014, 36(1):33-38.
[4] GONG Jian, ZHU Yimin, XU Lei. Technology for hydraulic climbing integral steel platform formwork supported by cylinder racks in super tall building’s core tube structure construction[J]. Building Construction, 2014, 36(1):33-38.
[5] YANG Z, XIE Q. Wind-induced responses and reinforcement measures of integral steel platform system for super high-rise building’s construction[C]// The 2016 World Congress on Advances in Civil, Environmental, and Materials Research (ACEM16) . Jeju Island, Korea: IASEM, 2016.
[6] 王玄玄, 黄玉林, 赵金城, 等. Revit-Abaqus模型转换接口的开发与应用[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(2):135-143.
[6] WANG Xuanxuan, HUANG Yulin, ZHAO Jincheng, et al. Development and application of Revit-Abaqus model exchange interface[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2020, 54(2):135-143.
[7] SAID H, KANDIL A, CAI H B. Agent-based simulation of labour emergency evacuation in high-rise building construction sites[C]// Construction Research Congress 2012. Reston, VA, USA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012: 1104-1113.
[8] MEOUCHE R E, ABUNEMEH M, HIJAZE I, et al. Developing optimal paths for evacuating risky construction sites[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2018, 144(2):04017099.
[9] KIM K, LEE Y C. Automated generation of daily evacuation paths in 4D BIM[J]. Applied Sciences, 2019, 9(9):1789.
[10] HUA Y, HE J, GONG J, et al. Hazardous area risk-based evacuation simulation and analysis of building construction sites[J]. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2020, 146(5):04020047.
[11] 武清玺. 结构可靠度理论、方法及应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
[11] WU Qingxi. Theory, method and application of structural reliability[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2014.
[12] 华莹, 何军, 赵金城. 高层建筑施工现场危险区域识别及评估方法研究[J]. 施工技术, 2019, 48(6):100-104.
[12] HUA Ying, HE Jun, ZHAO Jincheng. Research on identification and evaluation method of hazardous area of high-rise building construction site[J]. Construction Technology, 2019, 48(6):100-104.
[13] HE J, GONG J H. Estimate of small first passage probabilities of nonlinear random vibration systems by using tail approximation of extreme distributions[J]. Structural Safety, 2016, 60:28-36.
[14] LIU P L, KIUREGHIAN A D. Multivariate distribution models with prescribed marginals and covariances[J]. Probabilistic Engineering Mechanics, 1986, 1(2):105-112.
[15] NOWAK A S, COLLINS K R. Reliability of structures[M]. Chongqing: Chongqing University Press, 2000.
[16] 福建省建设厅. 建设工程施工重大危险源辨识与监控技术规程: DBJ 13-91-2007[S]. 福州: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2007.
[16] Housing and Urban-Rural Development of Fujian. Specification for identification, monitoring and control technology of major hazard installations in construction engineering: DBJ 13-91-2007[S]. Fuzhou: China Building Industry Press, 2007.
[17] BURSTEDDE C, KLAUCK K, SCHADSCHNEIDER A, et al. Simulation of pedestrian dynamics using a two-dimensional cellular automaton[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2001, 295(3/4):507-525.
[18] 马静. 钢梁与筒架交替支撑式整体爬升钢平台模架在超高建筑复杂核心筒结构建造中的应用[J]. 建筑施工, 2019, 41(1):109-112.
[18] MA Jing. Application of steel beam and frame alternately supported integral climbing platform formwork in construction of ultra-high building complex core tube structure[J]. Building Construction, 2019, 41(1):109-112.
[19] 华莹. 考虑高层建筑施工现场危险区域影响的人员疏散行为研究[D]. 上海:上海交通大学, 2019.
[19] HUA Ying. Pedestrian evacuation behavior analysis on high-rise building construction sites considering hazardous area influence[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2019.
[20] LU L L, CHAN C Y, WANG J, et al. A study of pedestrian group behaviors in crowd evacuation based on an extended floor field cellular automaton model[J]. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 2017, 81:317-329.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉