基于代表性学术观点的变化对设计，特别是以设计科学为命题的研究的发展历程进行了分析.该历程表现为从关注设计方法到研究知识在设计中的行为，从研究物质产品的设计到认为物质产品、精神产品和社会产品都应该遵循同样的公理进行设计.进一步的研究表明：设计本质上是一个知识流动、集成、竞争和进化的过程，而知识在社会上流动所产生的对设计竞争力的影响大于其在设计师（或团队）头脑中流动所产生的影响，特别是对于创新的影响；完成一个成功的设计，不仅仅需要设计的过程知识，而且需要设计的构成知识，因而提出了知识供给和知识高效运用的诸多问题；设计不仅仅是技术问题，更是具有极其重要社会影响的问题，设计有必须共同遵守的原则.在此基础上，针对一个需求-功能-结构-行为（RFSB）设计模型展开研究，其中：功能知识集成算法已经取得较大的进展；而结构知识集成则由于结构知识十分复杂而尚未获得合适的知识表达方案，需要人工参与.
Based on analyzing the variation of representative academic viewpoints, the developing trends of design studies, especially on the theme of design science are given. The trends present as changing from paying attention to the methodology of design to investigating the knowledge behavior in design, and from studying the design of material products to considering that either the design of material products, mental products or social products should follow similar design axioms. Our further studies show that the design is essentially a process of knowledge flow, knowledge integration, knowledge competitiveness and knowledge evolution, the influence on the design competitive power of the knowledge flow in society is greater than that in the brains of designers (or teams) especially in innovation and creation. Successful designs need not only process knowledge but also constitution knowledge and then arise the problems of providing knowledge and utilizing knowledge efficiently in design. Design is not only a technical issue but also a very influential social issue, and therefore there are common tenets which must be followed in all designs. On these bases, a requirement-function-structure-behavior (RFSB) framework of design is in progress. Good results have been obtained in the algorithm of integrating function knowledge, and there are still difficulties in integrating structure knowledge. Main problems come from no appropriate scheme because of the complexity of modeling structure knowledge, which requires human participation.
［1］谢友柏. 设计科学的争论和设计竞争力 ［J］. 中国工程科学, 2014, 16（8）: 4-13.
XIE Youbai. Controversy on design science and competitiveness of design［J］. Engineering Science, 2014, 16（8）: 4-13.
［2］YORAM R. Designing science ［J］. Research in Engineering Design, 2013, 24(3): 215-218.
［3］Wikipedia. Walter Gropius ［EB/OL］. (2016-10-23) ［2018-11-21］. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Walter_Gropius&oldid=745863078.
［4］Wikipedia. Buckminster Fuller ［EB/OL］. (2016-10-26) ［2018-11-21］. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Buckminster_Fuller&oldid=746259182.
［5］CROSS N. Designerly ways of knowing: Design discipline versus design science ［J］. Design Issues, 2001, 17(3): 49-55.
［6］PAHL G, BEITZ W. Konstruktionslehre ［M］. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1977.
［7］PAHL G, BEITZ W, FELDHUSEN J, et al. Engineering design: A systematic approach ［M］. London: Springer-Verlag, 2007.
［8］SUH N. The principle of design ［M］. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
［9］SUH N. 公理设计——发展与应用 ［M］. 谢友柏, 袁小阳, 徐华, 等译. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2004.
SUH N. Axiomatic design: Advances and applications［M］. XIE Youbai, YUAN Xiaoyang, XU Hua, et al trans. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2004.
［10］谢友柏. 现代设计理论和方法的研究 ［J］. 机械工程学报, 2004, 40(4): 1-9.
XIE Youbai. Study on the modern design theory and methodology［J］. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2004, 40(4): 1-9.
［11］GERO J. Design prototypes: A knowledge representation schema for design ［J］. AI Magazine, 1990, 11(4): 26-36.
［12］GERO J, KANNENGIESSER U. The situated function-behaviour-structure frame-work ［J］. Design Studies, 2004, 25(4): 373-391.
［13］HATCHUEL A, WEIL B. A new approach of innovative design: An introduction to C-K theory ［C］//Proceedings of ICED’03. Stockholm, Sweden: ICED, 2003.
［14］HATCHUEL A, MASSON P, WEIL B. C-K theory in practice: Lessons from industrial applications［C］//International Design Conference-Design 2004. Dubrovnik, Croatia: IDC, 2004.
［15］HATCHUEL A, WEIL B. C-K design theory: An advanced formulation ［J］. Research in Engineering Design, 2009, 19: 181-192.
［16］谢友柏. 关于《设计科学与设计竞争力》的写作［J］. 中国机械工程, 2018, 29（4）: 499-503.
XIE Youbai. The creation of “Design science and design competitiveness”［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 29(4): 499-503.
［17］谢友柏. 设计科学与设计竞争力［M］. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018.
XIE Youbai. Design science and design competitiveness［M］. Beijing: Science Press, 2018.
［18］谢友柏. 设计科学中关于知识的研究——经济发展方式转变中要考虑的重要问题［J］. 中国工程科学, 2013, 15(4): 14-22.
XIE Youbai. Study into the knowledge in design science—Some important issues should be considered in mode transformation of economic development［J］. Engineering Science, 2013, 15(4): 14-22.
［19］XIE Y B. Four basic laws in design science ［J］. Engineering Sciences, 2014, 2(12): 2-9.
［20］刘郡. 分布式资源环境下产品设计中功能-结构-行为知识的集成理论与方法［D］. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2018.
LIU Jun. Function-structure-behavior knowledge integration for product design in distributed resources environment［D］. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2018.
［21］谢友柏. 现代设计理论中若干基本概念研究［J］. 机械工程学报, 2007, 43(11): 7-16.
XIE Youbai. Some basic concepts in modern design theory［J］. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2007, 43(11): 7-16.
［22］李响. 面向开放式创新的产品集成设计理论与方法的研究［D］. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2014.
LI Xiang. Research on open innovation-oriented pro-duct integrated design theory and methdoglogy［D］. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2014.
［23］LIU J, CHEN B, XIE Y B. An improved axiomatic design approach in distributed resource environment. Part 1: Toward functional requirements to design parameters transformation［J］. Procedia CIRP, 2016, 53: 35-43.
［24］CHEN B, LIU J, XIE Y B. An improved axiomatic design approach in distributed resource environment. Part 2: Algorithm for function unit chain set generation ［J］. Procedia CIRP, 2016, 53: 44-49.
［25］曹远国. 挖掘机工作装置全生命期性能数字样机研究［D］. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2016.
CAO Yuanguo. Research on the life time performance simulation of the front linkage of an excavator［D］. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2016.
［26］谢友柏. 回归教学, 责无旁贷——亲历我国高等工程教育50年［J］. 高等工程教育研究, 2006, 4: 8-13.
XIE Youbai. Priorities for improving teaching quality should be refocused without hesitation［J］. Research in Higher Education of Engineering, 2006, 4: 8-13.
［27］王扬宗. “韩春雨事件”余波未了, 重塑学术生态任重道远［N］. 中国科学报, 2018-09-03(3).
WANG Yangzong. A long way to reconstruct academic ecology: The aftermath of “Han Chunyu Event” ［N］. China Science Daily, 2018-09-03(3).
［28］潘希, 王小凡. 不赞成“弯道超车”［N］. 中国科学报, 2018-10-29(1).
PAN Xi, WANG Xiaofan. Disapproval of “overtaking on a bend”［N］. China Science Daily, 2018-10-29(1).
［29］卡尔·马克思. 资本论（纪念版）, 第一卷［M］. 中共中央马克思恩格斯列宁斯大林著作编译局编译. 北京: 人民出版社, 2018: 829.
MARX Karl. Capital (anniversary edition), Vol. 1 ［M］. The Compilation Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China for Books by Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. Beijing: People’s Publishing House, 2018: 829.
［30］Wikipedia. Kaon model ［EB/OL］. (2018-10-02)［2018-11-21］. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kano_model&oldid=862118270.
［31］Wikipedia. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs ［EB/OL］. (2018-10-28) ［2018-11-21］. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maslow%27s_hierarchy_of_needs&oldid=864698465.
