基于化学回热的氨燃料微燃机循环热力性能研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.108

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建了一种基于化学回热的氨燃料微燃机循环,运用能量和㶲分析方法,评估了其整体热力学性能,并分析了循环效率提升的原因和关键参数的影响.研究表明:在燃烧室出口温度为750~1 050 ℃、压比为3~8的参数范围内,氨燃料化学回热微燃机循环的效率为28.8%~41.7%,比以甲烷为燃料的微燃机回热循环效率高约1.87~5.61个百分点,微燃机与化学回热结合效率、比功提升效果显著;氨热化学回收系统可回收36%~43%的排气㶲,其中化学回热反应器回收占比1/2以上,化学回热器㶲回收是循环效率提高的根本原因;微燃机排气可使氨裂解气中H₂的摩尔分数达到35%以上,最高可达68%,燃料燃烧特性将有效改善;化学回热反应平衡温距每增大10 ℃,循环效率下降约0.2个百分点,因此在热化学回收反应器中实现高效氨裂解至关重要.

关键词: 氨, 化学回热, 微燃机, 热力性能

Abstract:

This paper develops an ammonia-fueled micro gas turbine cycle based on chemical recuperation. Using energy and exergy analysis methods, it evaluates the overall thermodynamic performance of the cycle, analyzes the reasons for efficiency improvement, and studies the impact of key parameters. The results show that within the parameter range of combustion chamber outlet temperatures of 750—1 050 ℃ and pressure ratios of 3—8, the efficiency of the ammonia-fueled chemical recuperation micro gas turbine cycle can reach 28.8%—41.7%, which is about 1.87—5.61 percentage points higher than that of a methane-fueled micro gas turbine recuperation cycle. The integration of microturbine with chemical recuperation significantly improves efficiency and specific work. The ammonia thermal chemical recuperation system can recover 36%—43% of the exhaust exergy, with the chemical recuperation reactor accounting for more than half of this recovery. The exergy recovery in the chemical recuperator is the fundamental reason for the increased cycle efficiency. The micro gas turbine exhaust can increase the molar ratio of H₂ in the ammonia decomposition gas to above 35%, with a maximum of up to 68%, thereby effectively improving the fuel combustion characteristics. For every 10 ℃ increase in the chemical recuperation reaction equilibrium temperature difference, the cycle efficiency decreases by about 0.2 percentage points, thus efficient ammonia decomposition in the thermal chemical recuperation reactor is crucial.

Key words: ammonia, chemical-recuperated, microturbine, thermodynamic performance

中图分类号:

TK471

张士杰, 常有润, 王瑷缇. 基于化学回热的氨燃料微燃机循环热力性能研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(2): 311-318.

ZHANG Shijie, CHANG Yourun, WANG Aiti. Thermodynamic Performance Study of an Ammonia-Fueled Microturbine Based on Chemical Recuperation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(2): 311-318.

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参数	厂家数据^[24]	计算结果	相对误差/%
效率/%	33.0	33.0	0.00
功率/kW	200.0	200.0	0.00
出口温度/K	553.2	553.6	0.07
排气流率/(kg·s^-1)	1.30	1.29	0.77

部件	参数	取值
压气机	等熵效率/%	80
	压比	3~8
燃烧室	出口温度/℃	650~1 050
	燃烧效率/%	99.5
	压损系数/%	4
	甲烷压缩机效率/%	80
	甲烷喷入压差/kPa	100
透平	等熵效率/%	84
回热器	有效度	0.85
	热侧压损系数/%	3.5
	冷侧压损系数/%	3.5
化学回热器	热侧压损系数/%	1
	燃料出口处节点温差/℃	30
氨气加热器	有效度	0.85
	热侧压损系数/%	1
液氨蒸发器	热侧压损系数/%	1
系统	传动及发电机损失系数/%	2