船舶锚泊对锚地周边海缆损坏的风险

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.068

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (3): 440-451.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.068

船舶锚泊对锚地周边海缆损坏的风险

牟军敏¹^,², 焦玉飞¹^,², 李梦霞³^,⁴^,⁵(), 赵兴亚¹^,², 吕浩然¹^,²

¹ 武汉理工大学航运学院, 武汉 430063
² 武汉理工大学内河航运技术湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430063
³ 武汉理工大学水路交通控制全国重点实验室, 武汉 430063
⁴ 武汉理工大学智能交通系统研究中心, 武汉 430063
⁵ 国家水运安全工程技术研究中心, 武汉 430063

收稿日期:2024-03-04 修回日期:2024-04-25 接受日期:2024-06-12 出版日期:2026-03-28 发布日期:2026-03-30
通讯作者: 李梦霞,博士后,助理研究员;E-mail:limx@whut.edu.cn.
作者简介:牟军敏(1974—),教授,博士生导师,从事水上运输研究.
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFE0203700);国家自然科学基金(52271367)

Risk of Anchor Damage to Submarine Cables Near Anchorage

MOU Junmin¹^,², JIAO Yufei¹^,², LI Mengxia³^,⁴^,⁵(), ZHAO Xingya¹^,², LÜ Haoran¹^,²

¹ School of Navigation, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
² Hubei Key Laboratory of Inland Shipping Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
³ State Key Laboratory of Maritime Technology and Safety, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
⁴ Intelligent Transportation System Research Center, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430063, China
⁵ National Engineering Research Center for Water Transport Safety, Wuhan 430063, China

Received:2024-03-04 Revised:2024-04-25 Accepted:2024-06-12 Online:2026-03-28 Published:2026-03-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锚地与海缆是用于保障海上交通、通讯的重要海上设施,锚地中船舶抛锚、拖锚等行为可能会对周边海缆造成损坏.本文从船舶、环境、人员和海缆等不同角度,科学分析海缆损坏的因素;从损坏诱因出发,运用锚泊船内外部因素模拟出走锚漂移过程,结合拖锚啮入深度、抛锚贯入深度以及船员应急状况下的决策时机模型,构建出海缆损坏风险模型,并以温州港鹿西岛引航检疫锚地与周边海缆开展实例研究.研究表明,海缆损坏风险的取决于船舶与海缆距离、船型及船舶尺度等因素.模型从多角度对海缆损坏展开了研究,为锚地与海缆的相互影响提供了定量分析方法,为水域安全运行提供了有力支持.

关键词: 海缆, 损坏概率, 锚地, 船舶走锚

Abstract:

Anchorage and submarine cables are crucial maritime facilities safeguarding sea traffic and communication. However, anchoring and dragging anchors in anchorage areas may pose risks for damaging nearby submarine cables. This paper scientifically analyzes the factors contributing to submarine cable damage from the perspectives of vessels, environment, personnel, and cables. Starting from the causes of damage, the anchoring failure and drifting process is simulated by incorporating the internal and external factors of anchor penetration depth, vessel type, and crew decision-making during emergencies. A risk model for submarine cable damage is developed, with a case study conducted on the Luxi Dao pilot quarantine anchorage in Wenzhou Port and its surrounding submarine cables. The study reveals that the risk of cable damage depends on vessel-cable distance, vessel type, and vessel scale. The model provides a quantitative analysis method for the interaction between anchorage and submarine cable, investigates cable damage from multiple angles, and offers valuable support for safe maritime operations.

Key words: submarine cables, damage probability, anchorages, dragged anchor

中图分类号:

U651+.1

牟军敏, 焦玉飞, 李梦霞, 赵兴亚, 吕浩然. 船舶锚泊对锚地周边海缆损坏的风险[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(3): 440-451.

MOU Junmin, JIAO Yufei, LI Mengxia, ZHAO Xingya, LÜ Haoran. Risk of Anchor Damage to Submarine Cables Near Anchorage[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(3): 440-451.

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代表船	载重/t	锚高/m	船宽/m	烟囱有效正投影面积/m²	投影面积/m²	舾装数	M/t
3万吨级杂货船	47 800	20	27.6	8	1 264	2 563	7.8
4万吨级杂货船	65 000	22	32.2	8	1 740	3 223	9.9
3.5万吨级散货船	55 600	20.5	30.4	112	1 134	3 033	8.7
5万吨级散货船	78 000	23	32.3	120	1 402	3 712	11.1
3万吨级集装箱船	67 260	30	32.3	42	6 025	4 278	12.9
5万吨级集装箱船	88 000	35	32.4	50	8 204	5 179	15.4

位置	纬度	经度	走向/(°)	距离/m
①	27°58'15.78″	121°11'12.24″	-	-
②	27°57'48.64″	121°11'35.30″	143.7	968
③	27°57'09.44″	121°10'54.91″	222.3	1 616
④	27°55'59.24″	121°11'06.84″	171.5	2 187
⑤	27°55'29.52″	121°10'46.68″	211.4	1 099

季节	涨潮/(°)				落潮/(°)
季节	大潮	中潮	小潮	平均	大潮	中潮	小潮	平均
春季	282	260	286	276	112	104	101	106
秋季	320	265	278	287	93	103	98	98

船舶类型	P_DP/%
3万吨级杂货	0.29
4万吨级杂货	0.26
3.5万吨级散货	0.28
5万吨级散货	0.30
3万吨级集装箱	0.19
5万吨级集装箱	0.16

船舶锚泊对锚地周边海缆损坏的风险

Risk of Anchor Damage to Submarine Cables Near Anchorage

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