考虑碳排放权交易的两阶段电力现货市场模式设计

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.299

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为推进电力行业碳减排进程,助力实现“双碳”目标,在加快建设全国统一电力市场体系的背景下,提出负荷主体参与碳排放权交易的两阶段市场出清模型,以实现降低电力行业碳排放及清洁能源替代的目的.首先,提出基于零和收益-数据包络分析模型的火电机组初始碳配额分配方法,并建立计及碳交易的电力市场出清模式.然后,根据第一阶段市场出清结果利用潮流追踪理论确定各负荷的新能源消纳量,计算出对应的国家核证自愿减排量;在此基础上开启第二阶段碳排放权交易,并根据碳交易结果进行含碳排放量约束的二次电力市场出清.最后,基于改进的IEEE 30节点系统算例分析验证了所提市场模式的有效性.结果显示:所提模式有利于减少火电机组碳排放量,提高新能源市场化消纳比例并降低市场平均电价,为大规模新能源市场化消纳提供了方案.

关键词: 碳排放权交易, 碳配额分配, 市场模式, 新能源, 电力市场, 现货市场

Abstract:

To promote the process of carbon emission reduction in the electric power industry and achieve the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the construction of a unified national power market system is being accelerated. A two-stage market clearing model considering load participation in carbon trading is proposed to reduce carbon emissions and facilitate clean energy substitution in the electricity sector. First, an initial carbon quota allocation method for thermal power units based on zero sum gains-data envelopment analysis is introduced, and the electricity market clearing model considering carbon trading is established. Then, based on the market clearing results from the first stage, the new energy consumption of loads is determined using the power flow tracing theory, and the Chinese certified emission reduction (CCER) is calculated. Following CCER carbon offset rules, the second stage of carbon emission trading is initiated, and the secondary electricity market subject to carbon emission constraints, is cleared based on the carbon trading results. Finally, an analysis using the improved IEEE 30-bus system is conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed market model. The results show that the proposed model not only helps reduce the carbon emissions from thermal power units but also increases the market share of new energy consumption and lowers average electricity prices. Additionly, the model provides a viable scheme for the large-scale marketization consumption of new energy.

Key words: carbon emission trading, carbon quota allocation, market mechanism, new energy, electricity market, spot market

中图分类号:

TM614

刘长玺, 齐国民, 王继成, 李天野, 杨健, 雷霞. 考虑碳排放权交易的两阶段电力现货市场模式设计[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(3): 342-353.

LIU Changxi, QI Guomin, WANG Jicheng, LI Tianye, YANG Jian, LEI Xia. Design of Two-Stage Electricity Spot Market Model Considering Carbon Emission Trading[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(3): 342-353.

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摘要

机组编号	机组类型	火电燃料成本系数			最小启停时间/h	风电成本/ [元·(MW·h)^-1]
机组编号	机组类型	a_g/(元·MW^-2)	b_g/(元·MW^-1)	c_g/元	最小启停时间/h	风电成本/ [元·(MW·h)^-1]
G1	火电	1.17	206.21	5638.83	8
G2	火电	0.81	260.81	6777.16	4
G3	火电	0.22	219.51	7525.12	2
G4	火电	0.14	204.28	9772.91	3
G5	火电	1.17	206.21	5638.83	1
W1	风电				0	140
W2	风电				0	145
W3	风电				0	150

机组编号	机组类型	出力上限/MW	出力下限/MW	爬坡率/ (MW·h^-1)	碳排放强度/ [t·(MW·h)^-1]	申报碳额度/t	购买碳排量/t	购买价格/ (元·t^-1)	出售碳排量/t	出售价格/ (元·t^-1)
G1	火电	160	50	37.5	0.88	1000	400	55
G2	火电	100	25	30.0	0.84	1000			300	52
G3	火电	60	15	15.0	0.85	500	100	53
G4	火电	40	10	15.0	0.82	400	50	54
G5	火电	40	10	15.0	0.80	600			100	53
W1	风电	100	0	100.0	0.00	0
W2	风电	80	0	80.0	0.00	0
W3	风电	50	0	50.0	0.00	0

火电机组	初始碳配额		第1次迭代	第2次迭代	第3次迭代
火电机组	碳配额×10^-4/t	效率值	效率值	效率值	碳配额×10^-4/t	效率值
G1	80.45	0.8809	0.9234	0.9856	75.58	1.0000
G2	30.10	1.0000	1.0000	1.0000	33.34	1.0000
G3	16.55	0.9234	0.9811	1.0000	18.14	1.0000
G4	15.57	0.9132	0.9356	0.9516	13.26	0.9837
G5	15.33	0.9305	0.9528	0.9831	17.68	1.0000

市场主体	申报购碳量/t	申报售碳量/t	成交碳排放量/t	交易后碳额度/t
G1	400		400	1400
G2		300	300	700
G3	100		0	500
G4	50		50	450
G5		100	100	500
L8		534	50	484

火电机组	一次出清碳排量/t	二次出清碳排量/t	减少碳排放量/t
G1	1868.3750	1400.0000	468.3750
G2	410.9121	691.3124	-280.4003
G3	774.4963	389.4070	385.0893
G4	49.2000	434.6000	-385.4000
G5	381.9167	483.5660	-101.6493