有和无电流环控制构网型VSC暂态建模与特性对比分析

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.416

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (7): 971-982.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.416

• 新型电力系统与综合能源 • 上一篇下一篇

有和无电流环控制构网型VSC暂态建模与特性对比分析

任先成¹^,², 李尚志³(), 李英彪³, 胡家兵³, 徐泰山¹^,², 鲍颜红¹^,², 吴峰¹^,²

1.南瑞集团有限公司(国网电力科学研究院有限公司),南京 211106
2.电网运行风险防御技术与装备全国重点实验室,南京 211106
3.华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院,武汉 430074

收稿日期:2023-08-24 修回日期:2023-10-19 接受日期:2023-12-15 出版日期:2025-07-28 发布日期:2025-07-22
通讯作者: 李尚志 E-mail:szli@hust.edu.cn
作者简介:任先成(1980—),高级工程师,从事新能源并网安全稳定分析与控制研究.
基金资助:
南瑞集团有限公司科技项目(SGNR0000KJJS2105692)

Transient Modeling and Characteristic Comparative Analysis of Grid-Forming VSC with and Without Current Control

REN Xiancheng¹^,², LI Shangzhi³(), LI Yingbiao³, HU Jiabing³, XU Taishan¹^,², BAO Yanhong¹^,², WU Feng¹^,²

1. NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research Institute), Nanjing 211106, China
2. National Key Laboratory of Risk Defense Technology and Equipment for Power Grid Operation, Nanjing 211106, China
3. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2023-08-24 Revised:2023-10-19 Accepted:2023-12-15 Online:2025-07-28 Published:2025-07-22
Contact: LI Shangzhi E-mail:szli@hust.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新能源发电设备对电网的支撑能力需得到提升,因此构网型控制受到广泛关注,其中虚拟同步发电机(VSG)已成为研究前沿,并在工程领域中得到示范应用.以VSG作为同步环节的电压源型变换器(VSC)根据控制结构有无电流环分为电压电流双环控制和直接电压控制,控制结构的差异对暂态特性具有较大影响.为研究两种构网型VSC暂态特性的差异,基于“功率激励-内电势响应”关系模型分别建立其暂态模型,对比分析内电势形成机制和暂态特征.VSG模拟同步机运行特性,故在机电尺度下解析得到VSC的等效惯量和等效阻尼,并对比分析其暂态特性.结果表明:直接电压控制VSC的等效惯量和阻尼为常数,电压电流双环控制VSC的等效惯量和阻尼具有时变特征,且数值上小于直接电压控制.最后,通过电磁暂态仿真验证了理论分析的正确性.

关键词: 构网型电压源型变换器, 电压电流双环控制, 直接电压控制, “激励-响应”关系模型, 暂态特性对比

Abstract:

As the support capacity of renewable energy generation equipment for the power grid needs enhancement, grid-forming control has attracted extensive attention, among which the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has emerged as a key research frontier and is already being applied in engineering demonstration. Voltage source converter (VSC) with VSG as the synchronization link can be classified into voltage and current dual loop control and direct voltage control according to whether there is a current control loop in the structure. The difference in the two control structures has a significant impact on the transient characteristics of VSC. To study the difference between transient characteristics of two kinds of VSCs, the transient models are developed based on the “power excitation-internal voltage response” model, and the formation mechanism of internal voltage and transient characteristics are comparatively analyzed. Since the VSG simulates the operation characteristics of the synchronous machine, the equivalent inertia and equivalent damping of the VSC are analytically obtained at the electromechanical scale, and their transient behaviors are compared. It is found that the equivalent inertia and damping of a VSC with direct voltage control remain constant, while those of a VSC with voltage and current dual loop control exhibit time-varying characteristics and are numerically smaller than of the direct voltage control system. Finally, the validity of the theoretical analysis is confirmed by electromagnetic transient simulation.

Key words: grid-forming voltage source converter (VSC), voltage and current dual loop control, direct voltage control, “power excitation-internal voltage response” model, comparison of transient characteristics

中图分类号:

TM712

任先成, 李尚志, 李英彪, 胡家兵, 徐泰山, 鲍颜红, 吴峰. 有和无电流环控制构网型VSC暂态建模与特性对比分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2025, 59(7): 971-982.

REN Xiancheng, LI Shangzhi, LI Yingbiao, HU Jiabing, XU Taishan, BAO Yanhong, WU Feng. Transient Modeling and Characteristic Comparative Analysis of Grid-Forming VSC with and Without Current Control[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2025, 59(7): 971-982.

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

图5

表2

系统参数

参数	取值	参数	取值
VSC1滤波电感, $L f 1 p . u .$	0.006	VSC2滤波电感, $L f 2 p . u .$	0.008
变压器1电感, $L T 1 p . u .$	0.009	变压器2电感, $L T 2 p . u .$	0.01
线路单位长度电阻, $r 1 p . u .$ /km^-1	0.0001	线路单位长度电感, $l 1 p . u .$ /km^-1	0.001
线路单位长度电容, $c 1 p . u .$ /km^-1	0.00175	线路长度/km	110
有功负荷1,P_Load1/MW	967	无功负荷1,Q_Load1/Mvar	100
有功负荷2,P_Load2/MW	1467	无功负荷2,Q_Load2/Mvar	100
无功补偿1,Q_C1/Mvar	200	无功补偿2,Q_C2/Mvar	200
接地电阻, $R k p . u .$	0.01	接地电感, $L k p . u .$	0.1

表2

表3

电压电流双环控制VSC控制参数

控制参数	数值
惯量系数, $T j p . u .$	5
阻尼系数,D_p.u.	25
端电压控制比例系数, $k p_v p . u .$ ;积分系数, $k i_v p . u .$	2,50
电流控制比例系数, $k p_i p . u .$ ;积分系数, $k i_i p . u .$	1,100

表3

图6

表4

直接电压控制VSC控制参数

控制参数	数值
惯量系数, $T j p . u .$	5
阻尼系数,D_p.u.	15
端电压控制比例系数, $k p_v p . u .$ ;积分系数, $k i_v p . u .$	0.5,10

表4

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

图15

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	电压电流双环控制VSC	直接电压控制VSC
时间尺度特征	有功和无功输入经由电压环、电流环、交叉解耦项ωL_fi_g_d和ωL_fi_g_q等环节生成θ^V和内电势幅值E,内电势幅值和相位均呈现交流电流、直流电压、机电3个时间尺度特征	内电势幅值直接由端电压控制生成,仅呈现直流电压尺度特征;内电势相位等于VSG输出相角θ_VSG,仅呈现机电尺度特征
非线性特征	由于电压电流等效替代和直角坐标-极坐标变换环节的存在,所以内电势幅值、相位与有功、无功功率输入呈现非线性关系	端电压幅值等效替代使得内电势幅值与有功、无功功率输入呈现非线性关系,而内电势相位由有功功率线性驱动
耦合特征	极坐标变换环节使得内电势幅值和相位形成耦合关系,内电势幅值和相位动态相互影响	内电势幅值直接由端电压控制生成,内电势相位受有功功率驱动,幅值和相位解耦

有和无电流环控制构网型VSC暂态建模与特性对比分析

Transient Modeling and Characteristic Comparative Analysis of Grid-Forming VSC with and Without Current Control

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