某航空燃油喷嘴雾化特性分析及结构优化

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

燃油雾化在航空发动机预混燃烧过程中起着至关重要的作用.为提高某航空燃油喷嘴的雾化特性,改进和优化其结构参数,采用流体体积(VOF)界面捕捉算法和正交试验设计相结合的方法, 研究了喷嘴的内部流动及结构参数(扩张角、直线段长度、旋流槽升角、旋流槽个数)对雾化特性的影响规律.结果表明:旋流槽上的局部漩涡影响喷嘴内部燃油流动,通过改变旋流槽入口的结构形式消除局部压力损失;旋流槽个数对索特尔平均直径(SMD)的影响最为显著,扩张角是影响雾化锥角最大的因素,存在一个最优的旋流槽升角使油膜厚度最小,直线段长度对雾化特性的影响相对较小;当扩张角为60°、直线段长度为0.25 mm、旋流槽升角为45°、旋流槽个数为2时,优化效果最佳.优化后的喷嘴油膜厚度减小了43.68%,雾化锥角增加了3.70%,SMD减小了14.79%.

关键词: 航空燃油喷嘴, 雾化特性, 流体体积, 正交试验, 索特尔平均直径, 结构优化

Abstract:

Fuel atomization plays an important role in premixed combustion of aero-engine. In order to improve the atomization characteristics of an aviation fuel nozzle and optimize its structural parameters, the volume of fluid (VOF) interface capture algorithm and orthogonal experimental design were used to study the influence of internal flow and structural parameters (expansion angle, length of straight section, rise angle of swirl groove, and number of swirl groove) on the atomization characteristics. The results show that the local vortex on the swirl groove affects the fuel flow in the nozzle, and the local pressure loss can be eliminated by changing the structure of the swirl groove inlet. The number of swirl grooves has the most significant effect on Sauter mean diameter (SMD), the expansion angle is the biggest factor affecting the atomization cone angle, there is an optimal swirl groove elevation angle to minimize the oil film thickness, and the length of straight section has relatively little effect on the atomization characteristics. When the expansion angle is 60°, the length of straight section is 0.25 mm, the rising angle of swirl groove is 45°, the number of swirl grooves is 2, and the optimization effect is the best. After optimization, the oil film thickness decreases by 43.68%, the atomization cone angle increases by 3.70%, and the SMD decreases by 14.79%.

Key words: aviation fuel nozzle, atomization characteristics, volume of fluid (VOF), orthogonal experiment, Sauter mean diameter (SMD), structure optimization

中图分类号:

TH122

白青松, 吴阳, 侯力. 某航空燃油喷嘴雾化特性分析及结构优化[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2023, 57(1): 84-92.

BAI Qingsong, WU Yang, HOU Li. Atomization Characteristics Analysis and Structure Optimization of an Aviation Fuel Nozzle[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2023, 57(1): 84-92.

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参考文献 11

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网格数量	θ/(°)	q_m/(g·min^-1)
97万	65.13	67.24
131万	65.62	67.75

试验	参数组合	评价指标
试验	参数组合	δ/μm	θ/(°)	SMD/μm
1	A₁B₁C₁D₁	108	51.23	34.256
2	A₁B₂C₂D₂	89	54.36	32.641
3	A₁B₃C₃D₃	123	57.25	36.229
4	A₂B₁C₂D₃	112	63.65	35.727
5	A₂B₂C₃D₁	81	55.34	31.837
6	A₂B₃C₁D₂	106	67.11	35.369
7	A₃B₁C₃D₂	89	65.56	33.506
8	A₃B₁C₁D₃	128	77.24	37.882
9	A₃B₃C₂D₁	49	68.36	28.379

分析参数	A	B	C	D
K₁₁	107.67	103	114	79.33
K₁₂	99.67	99.33	83.33	94.67
K₁₃	88.67	92.67	97.67	121.00
R₁	19.00	10.33	30.67	41.67
最优水平	A₃	B₃	C₂	D₁
主次顺序	D>C>A>B

分析参数	A	B	C	D
K₂₁	54.28	60.15	65.19	58.31
K₂₂	62.03	62.31	62.12	62.34
K₂₃	70.39	64.24	59.38	66.05
R₂	16.11	4.09	5.81	7.74
最优水平	A₃	B₃	C₁	D₃
主次顺序	A>D>C>B

分析参数	A	B	C	D
K₃₁	34.375	34.496	35.835	31.491
K₃₂	34.311	34.120	32.249	33.839
K₃₃	33.256	33.325	33.857	36.612
R₃	1.119	1.171	3.586	5.121
最优水平	A₃	B₃	C₂	D₁
主次顺序	D>C>B>A