碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料与高强钢的电阻单元焊

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.271

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用电阻单元焊(REW)实现了碳纤维增强尼龙6复合材料(CF/PA6)与TWIP980钢的高强度连接.使用304不锈钢铆钉作为辅助单元,研究了焊接电流与焊接时间对接头力学性能的影响.得到强度不同的4种失效模式,分析了接头的微观组织以及CF/PA6与铆钉和钢板界面微观形貌.CF/PA6具有远低于高强钢的熔点和热导率,使得CF/PA6在焊接中极易发生过热分解.在保证形成一定尺寸熔核的同时,避免或减少CF/PA6的分解是CF/PA6高强钢电阻单元焊能够成功实施的关键.通过采用大焊接电流、短焊接时间这种较“硬”的焊接工艺,可以在获得较高强度接头的同时,降低CF/PA6的分解.基于接头失效载荷,确定了本研究条件下的焊接工艺窗口.该工艺对焊接时间的变化敏感,许用的焊接时间窗口窄.在焊接工艺窗口内,仍无法完全避免CF/PA6的分解.有必要对焊接过程温度场和熔核形成机理等开展进一步研究.

关键词: 碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料, 孪晶诱导塑性钢, 电阻单元焊, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract:

The high strength joining of carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composites (CF/PA6) to TWIP980 steel was achieved by resistance element welding (REW). A 304 stainless steel rivet was used as an assistant element. The effect of welding current and welding time on the joint mechanical property was studied. Four joint failure modes with different strengths were identified, and the microstructures of joints, and the interfaces between CF/PA6 and the steel were analyzed. As the melting point and thermal conductivity of CF/PA6 are lower than those of the high-strength steel, it is prone to overheat and decompose during welding. While ensuring the formation of a certain size of weld nugget, avoiding or reducing the decomposition of CF/PA6 is the key to the successful implementation of CF/PA6 high-strength steel REW. By using a hard welding process such as high welding current and short welding time, high strength joints can be obtained while reducing the decomposition of CF/PA6. Based on the failure load of the joint, the weld lobe under the conditions of this study was determined. The process is sensitive to the change of welding time, and the allowable welding time range is narrow. The decomposition of CF/PA6 cannot be avoided completely even when the welding parameters in the weld lobe are employed. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the temperature field and the nugget formation mechanism of the REW process.

Key words: carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites, twinning induced plasticity steel, resistance element welding, microstructures, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG453.9

王烨成, 李洋, 张迪, 杨越, 罗震. 碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料与高强钢的电阻单元焊[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(10): 1349-1358.

WANG Yecheng, LI Yang, ZHANG Di, YANG Yue, LUO Zhen. Resistance Element Welding of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites to High-Strength Steel[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(10): 1349-1358.

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材料	w (C)	w (Si)	w (Mn)	w (Al)	w (Cr)	w (Ni)	w (S)	w (P)	w (Fe)
TWIP980	0.60	0.20	18.0	1.50	-	-	0.0021	0.015	余量
304不锈钢	≤0.08	≤1.00	≤2.00	-	17.00~19.00	8.00~11.00	≤0.03	0.035	余量

材料	拉伸强度/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	伸长率/%	玻璃转化温度/℃	热变形温度/℃	熔点/℃	热分解温度/℃	热导率/ (W·m^-1·K^-1)
TWIP980	995	476	65.0	-	-	约1400	-	约20
304不锈钢	≥600	≥300	40.0	-	-	1400~1450	-	16.3
CF/PA6	270	-	1.0	70	245	260	340	0.4

序号	焊接电流 I/kA	焊接时间 t/ms	平均失效载荷F/kN	标准方差 δ/kN	断裂模式	序号	焊接电流 I/kA	焊接时间 t/ms	平均失效载荷F/kN	标准方差 δ/kN	断裂模式
1	8	40	3.02	2.76	界面断裂	13	10	70	5.10	0.58	母材断裂
2	8	50	4.92	0.79	界面断裂	14	12	20	0.54	0.93	界面断裂
3	8	60	5.39	0.58	界面断裂	15	12	30	5.25	0.87	界面断裂
4	8	70	5.58	0.96	部分纽扣断裂	16	12	40	5.14	0.91	界面断裂
5	8	80	5.52	0.79	部分纽扣断裂	17	12	50	5.67	0.33	母材断裂
6	8	90	5.80	0.53	部分纽扣断裂	18	12	60	2.59	2.13	脆性断裂
7	8	100	4.77	1.46	部分纽扣断裂	19	14	20	3.07	1.07	界面断裂
8	8	110	1.95	3.38	脆性断裂	20	14	30	5.17	1.03	部分纽扣断裂
9	10	30	4.30	0.33	界面断裂	21	14	40	5.07	0.22	部分纽扣断裂
10	10	40	5.34	0.33	界面断裂	22	16	20	3.59	0.83	界面断裂
11	10	50	5.71	0.35	母材断裂	23	16	30	5.52	0.66	母材断裂
12	10	60	5.86	0.52	母材断裂	24	16	40	3.31	2.69	脆性断裂