可生物降解的黄麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的制备和力学性能

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用热模压工艺一步成型了可完全生物降解的黄麻增强聚乳酸(PLA)基体复合材料，对机织黄麻纤维布进行碱化处理以尝试提升复合材料的性能，通过扫描电镜观察纤维表面形貌，对黄麻纤维布进行了0°/90° 单轴拉伸和±45° 偏轴拉伸试验，对黄麻纤维/PLA复合材料单层板进行了0°/90° 单轴拉伸试验.纤维的表面形貌显示碱化处理去除了纤维表面杂质，细化了纤维结构，形成了粗糙的纤维表面；拉伸试验结果显示碱化处理后黄麻纤维布和黄麻纤维/PLA复合材料的断裂强度均下降，弹性模量均升高；与纯黄麻纤维布相比，PLA的加入使得复合材料力学性能有很大提升；与聚丙烯作为基体的黄麻纤维增强复合材料相比，黄麻纤维/PLA复合材料不仅可完全降解、无毒无害，而且强度和模量都较高.

关键词: 黄麻纤维；聚乳酸（PLA）；复合材料；力学性能；碱化处理；可生物降解

Abstract: Completely biodegradable jute fiber reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites were fabricated by compression molding in one step. Alkali treatment was conducted to improve material performance. The surface morphology of jute fabrics was observed by scanning electron microscope. The 0°/90° uni-axial tensile test and ±45° bias-tensile test were conducted for jute woven fabrics. The 0°/90° uni-axial tensile test was also performed for jute/PLA biocomposites. The surface morphology of jute fabrics demonstrated that alkali treatment leads to the removal of surface impurities of fabrics, the refinement of fiber structures and the emergence of rougher fiber surface. The results of the tensile tests showed that the strengths of jute fabrics and jute/PLA composites decline after alkali treatment while the moduli increase. And the experimental results also indicated that compared with woven jute fabrics, the mechanical properties of composites were greatly improved via adding PLA. Meanwhile, compared to jute fiber reinforced polypropylene composites, jute/PLA composites are completely degradable, non-toxic and harmless, and they have greater strength and modulus.

Key words: jute fabrics; polylactic acid (PLA); composites; mechanical properties; alkali treatment; biodegradable

中图分类号:

TB 332

杜思琦，王继崇，彭雄奇，顾海麟. 可生物降解的黄麻纤维/聚乳酸复合材料的制备和力学性能[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2019, 53(11): 1335-1341.

DU Siqi，WANG Jichong，PENG Xiongqi，GU Hailin. Fabrication and Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Jute/Polylactic Acid Composites[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2019, 53(11): 1335-1341.

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