不同水力集矿模型的矿粒采集及环境扰动特性数值研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.023

上海交通大学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (7): 1036-1046.doi: 10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2023.023

不同水力集矿模型的矿粒采集及环境扰动特性数值研究

李雨瑶¹^,², 赵国成¹^,²(), 肖龙飞¹^,²

1.上海交通大学海洋工程国家重点实验室,上海 200240
2.上海交通大学三亚崖州湾深海科技研究院,海南三亚 572024

收稿日期:2023-01-19 修回日期:2023-03-22 接受日期:2023-04-06 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2024-07-26
通讯作者: 赵国成,助理研究员,电话(Tel.): 021-34207184;E-mail: guocheng.zhao@sjtu.edu.cn.
作者简介:李雨瑶(2002-),本科生,从事深海水力集矿研究.
基金资助:
上海市科技创新行动计划启明星项目(扬帆专项)(23YF1419800)

Numerical Study on Collection and Environmental Disturbance Characteristics of Different Nodule Collecting Models

LI Yuyao¹^,², ZHAO Guocheng¹^,²(), XIAO Longfei¹^,²

1. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
2. SJTU Yazhou Bay Institute of Deepsea SCI-TECH, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China

Received:2023-01-19 Revised:2023-03-22 Accepted:2023-04-06 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2024-07-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

实现高效、低扰动海底集矿是深海多金属结核矿产资源开发面临的关键技术挑战.海底矿粒采集过程的力学行为十分复杂,是一个涉及三维紊动流动、离散粗颗粒运动与细颗粒土体破坏的流固土多物理场耦合过程.针对吸扬式、附壁射流式、射流冲采式3种主流的深海水力集矿方法,基于K-Epsilon两层模型和离散元模型分别模拟集矿液相湍流和固相矿粒,进行矿粒采集性能和环境扰动的数值模拟研究,分析集矿流量q_m和集矿头拖曳速度v对矿粒采集率η、集矿流场湍动能k和海水-沉积物混合物体积分数φ的影响,探究集矿流场中流速、压力和矿粒的分布特征.结果表明:在相同q_m和v下,射流冲采式模型获得的η最大,吸扬式模型获得的η最小;射流冲采式模型对近底流场扰动程度最大,深海沉积物扩散现象也最为明显,而吸扬式和附壁射流式模型造成的环境扰动程度较小,更有利于环保要求;附壁射流式模型的η对q_m和v最不敏感,且该集矿模型可以较好地兼顾高效矿粒采集和低环境扰动.研究结果可为揭示集矿机理和设计研发高效低扰动集矿装置提供科学依据.

关键词: 深海采矿, 多金属结核, 流固土多场耦合, 矿粒采集效率, 环境扰动

Abstract:

It is a significant technical challenge to exploit deep-sea polymetallic nodules with high efficiency and low disturbance. The mechanical behavior of seabed nodule collecting is very complicated, which is a multi-physical coupling process involving three-dimensional turbulent flow, discrete particle movement, and fine particle soil failure. In this paper, three main deep-sea hydraulic nodule collecting methods, i.e., the suck-up-based method, the Coandă-effect-based method, and the double-jet hydraulic method, are investigated by numerical simulation on the performance of nodule collecting and environmental disturbance. The realizable K-Epsilon two-layer model and the discrete element method are used to simulate the turbulent flow of the liquid phase and nodule particles in the solid phase respectively. The effect of collection flow q_m and drag velocity v on collection rate η, turbulent kinetic energy k, and volume fraction φ of the seawater-sediment mixture in the collecting flow field is analyzed. The flow velocity, pressure, and nodule distribution are explored. The results indicate that, at the same q_m and v, the double-jet hydraulic model will achieve the largest η, while the suck-up-based model will achieve the least η. The double-jet hydraulic model has the most significant disturbance to the near-bottom flow field and the most obvious sediment spreading phenomenon. In contrast, the suck-up-based model and the Coandăeffect-based model have less environmental disturbance, which is more conducive to the requirements of environmental protection. The Coandă-effect-based model shows minor sensitivity to q_m and v and a good balance between high nodule collecting efficiency and low environmental disturbance. This paper will provide a scie.pngic basis for revealing the nodule collecting mechanism and designing and developing a nodule collecting device.

Key words: deep-sea mining, polymetallic nodules, multi-field coupling of fluid-solid-soil, nodule collection efficiency, environmental disturbance

中图分类号:

P751

李雨瑶, 赵国成, 肖龙飞. 不同水力集矿模型的矿粒采集及环境扰动特性数值研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(7): 1036-1046.

LI Yuyao, ZHAO Guocheng, XIAO Longfei. Numerical Study on Collection and Environmental Disturbance Characteristics of Different Nodule Collecting Models[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(7): 1036-1046.

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参数	取值
ρ/(kg·m^-3)	1 025
μ/(Pa·s)	1.08×10^-3
沉积物-海水混合物密度,ρ_m/(kg·m^-3)	1 400
d/mm	20
矿粒密度,ρ_n/(kg·m^-3)	2 100
A_n/(kg·m^-2)	5.864
集矿头离底高度,h/m	0.03
集矿范围宽度,w/m	0.3

集矿模型	分析参数	网格数	时间步长/s	q_m_n/ (kg·s^-1)
吸扬式	网格收敛性分析	1 216 892	0.05	0.171 008
		1 375 034	0.05	0.174 044
		1 561 169	0.05	0.177 083
		2 082 416	0.05	0.180 143
		2 837 573	0.05	0.181 357
	时间步长收敛性分析	2 082 416	0.06	0.177 987
		2 082 416	0.05	0.180 143
		2 082 416	0.04	0.181 370
		2 082 416	0.03	0.181 452
		2 082 416	0.02	0.181 604
附壁射流式	网格收敛性分析	1 582 651	0.05	0.176 716
		1 906 052	0.05	0.179 113
		2 238 371	0.05	0.180 306
		2 376 212	0.05	0.180 706
		2 526 408	0.05	0.181 037
		2 777 746	0.05	0.181 384
	时间步长收敛性分析	2 238 371	0.06	0.178 097
		2 238 371	0.05	0.180 306
		2 238 371	0.04	0.181 666
		2 238 371	0.03	0.182 000
		2 238 371	0.02	0.182 149
射流冲采式	网格收敛性分析	253 143	0.05	0.166 392
		582 205	0.05	0.177 978
		1 114 108	0.05	0.183 515
		1 847 882	0.05	0.184 726
	时间步长收敛性分析	1 847 882	0.06	0.183 722
		1 847 882	0.05	0.184 263
		1 847 882	0.04	0.184 726
		1 847 882	0.03	0.184 982

集矿头种类	环境条件	颗粒状态	v/(m·s^-1)	q_m/ (t·s^-1)
吸扬式	清水	多颗粒	0.05,0.15,0.25	0~85
附壁射流式			0.05,0.15,0.25	0~70
射流冲采式			0.05,0.15,0.25	0~65
吸扬式	海水-沉积物	多颗粒(半埋态)	0.15	0~85
附壁射流式			0.15	0~80
射流冲采式			0.15	0~75

不同水力集矿模型的矿粒采集及环境扰动特性数值研究

Numerical Study on Collection and Environmental Disturbance Characteristics of Different Nodule Collecting Models

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