分布式绿色能源碳交易机制及碳数据管理的挑战

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.450

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了实现“碳达峰、碳中和”双碳目标,需要加快构建以绿色能源为主体的电力系统.随着系统规模增长,基于区块链技术的分布式绿色能源碳交易机制和碳数据管理技术可有效鼓励绿色能源发展,成为低碳电力推行的有效手段.而精确实时的碳计量将进一步为交易信息的准确性和安全性提供数据支撑.介绍目前绿证交易和碳交易的研究现状,分析区块链技术在绿电追溯、绿证交易、碳交易、绿证与碳资产联合市场4个方向的关键技术适用性;研究当前碳计量方式的具体数学模型,讨论分析适用于区块链架构的碳源追溯计量数据可用性,并对碳计量方式的未来发展提出参考建议.

关键词: 绿色电力证书, 碳数据管理, 碳计量, 绿色能源消纳, 区块链技术

Abstract:

To achieve the double carbon goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, the construction of the power system which is based on the green energy needs to be accelerated. With the growth of the system scale, the distributed green energy carbon trading mechanism and the carbon data management technology based on the blockchain technology can effectively encourage the development of green energy and become effective means for the implementation of low-carbon electricity. The accurate and real-time carbon emission calculation will further provide data support for the accuracy and security of carbon trading information. First, the current research status of green certificate trading and carbon asset management is introduced. Next, the adaptability analysis of the key technologies of the blockchain technology in the four directions of green electricity traceability, green certificate trading, carbon trading, and joint market of green certificate and carbon assets is performed. Afterwords, the specific mathematical models of carbon emission calculation is studied, and the data availability of carbon source traceability methods applicable to the blockchain architecture are discussed. Finally, some suggestions for the future development of carbon emission flow analysis are proposed.

Key words: green certificate, carbon data management, carbon emission calculation, green energy consumption, blockchain technology

中图分类号:

TM734

李幸芝, 韩蓓, 李国杰, 汪可友, 徐晋. 分布式绿色能源碳交易机制及碳数据管理的挑战[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(8): 977-993.

LI Xingzhi, HAN Bei, LI Guojie, WANG Keyou, XU Jin. Challenges of Distributed Green Energy Carbon Trading Mechanism and Carbon Data Management[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(8): 977-993.

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各微网用户数据			第三方检测数据	碳交易金融数据
电力数据	碳排放物理数据	CCER项目数据	第三方检测数据	碳交易金融数据
微网内各机组出力数据	自动监测碳排放数据	CCER项目数据	碳排放的第三方监测数据	碳排放权配额发布/分配/拍卖数据
拓扑结构	监测/记录活动水平数据	CCER项目减排量核查数据	碳排放的第三方报告数据	碳排放权配额挂牌报价数据
节点负荷数据	监测/记录碳排放因子数据	CCER挂牌数据	碳排放的第三方核查数据	碳排放权配额交易数据
	碳排放数据	CCER交易数据		碳排放权配额登记数据
				碳排放权配额清缴数据