航行体水下发射过程气幕降载特性

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.323

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水下发射过程中在筒口附近形成气幕通道,可有效降低航行体出筒过程中表面高频脉动载荷.基于流体体积(VOF)均质多相流理论、标准的RNG k-ε湍流模型及重叠网格技术,研究筒口气幕对航行体表面脉动载荷的影响规律,分析气幕环境下的流场结构及流体动力演变特性,对比不同横流强度、燃气质量流率下气幕流场结构演变和出筒降载效果.结果表明,航行体出筒过程中,喷嘴喷出的高速燃气近似覆盖了航行体表面,并逐渐在发射筒口周围形成一个气体通道,显著降低了航形体表面载荷;有气幕条件下,航行体所受力矩与表面载荷均出现明显降低,其中所受力矩峰值降低了80.3%,航行体表面压力峰值最大降低了81.2%;提高横流速度,航行体表面压力峰值最大增加了56.7%;在质量流率由2 kg/s提高到16 kg/s时,航行体所受力矩降低了80.8%,表面压力峰值最大降低了82.8%.

关键词: 航行体, 多相流, 脉动载荷, 气幕降载, 水动力特性

Abstract:

During the underwater launching process, a gas screen channel is formed near the opening of the cylinder, which can effectively reduce the high-frequency pulsation load on the surface of the vehicle exiting the cylinder. Based on the volume of fluid (VOF) homogeneous multiphase flow theory, the standard RNG k-ε turbulence model, and the overlaid grid technology, this paper studies the influence law of the gas screen on the surface of the vehicle to improve the pulsating load of the vehicle, and analyses the flow field structure and hydrodynamic evolution under the gas screen environment. The characteristics of the gas curtain flow field structure evolution and the discharge load reduction effect at different cross-flow intensities and gas mass flow rates were compared. The results show that the high-speed gas ejected from the nozzles approximately covers the surface of the vehicle during the exiting process, and gradually forms a gas channel around the opening of the launch vessel, thereby reducing the surface load of the vehicle significantly. Under the condition of gas screen, both the moment and the surface load on the body have been significantly reduced, with the peak value of the moment reduced by 80.3%, and the peak pressure on the surface of the vehicle reduced by 81.2%. However, the peak pressure on the surface of the vehicle increases by a maximum of 56.7% upon increasing cross-flow intensity. Finally, the mass flow rate increases from 2 kg/s to 16 kg/s, with the moment on the vehicle reduced by 80.8% and the peak surface pressure reduced by 82.8%.

Key words: vehicle, multiphase flow, pulsating load, gas screen load reduction, hydrodynamic characteristics

中图分类号:

U661
TJ762.4

施瑶, 鲁杰文, 杜晓旭, 高山, 任锦毅. 航行体水下发射过程气幕降载特性[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(2): 211-219.

SHI Yao, LU Jiewen, DU Xiaoxu, GAO Shan, REN Jinyi. Load-Reducing Characteristics of Gas Screen During Underwater Launch of the Vehicle[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(2): 211-219.

图/表 16

图1

图2

图3

图4

表1

航行体参数

参数	数值
航行体长度,l/m	1.617
航行体直径,d/m	0.294
出筒速度,v_e/(m·s^-1)	—
水深,H/m	4
艇速,u_∞/(m·s^-1)	0,1,2
无量纲艇速,ΔS=Δs/d	—
雷诺数,Re= $ρ w v e l μ w$	5.97×10⁵
欧拉数,Eu= $p ∞ ρ v e 2$	0.84
弗劳德数,Fr= $v e g l$	2.74
无量纲横流速度,U=v_e/v	—
压力系数,C_p= $p - p ∞ 12 ρ v e 2$	—
航行体无量纲水平方向位移,Z	—
无量纲竖直方向位移,X	—

表1

图5

图6

表2

网格收敛性分析

网格节点数×10^-4	r	f( $p -$ )	ε	GCI/%
103	1.304	0.465	0.056 35	16.47
233	1.245	0.479	0.025 98	8.96
512	1.234	0.494	0.006 12	2.24
978	1.145	0.499	0.003 96	1.98
1 127	—	0.503	—	—

表2

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

图13

图14

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