基于双级主动式拓扑的锂电池寿命优化

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2022.285

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着储能充电站的应用需求逐渐上升,锂电池作为主要储能载体应用广泛.但在大功率且频繁充放电工况下,锂电池循环寿命会显著降低,导致储能成本升高.鉴于超级电容具有长寿命优势,构造由超级电容与锂电池组成的混合储能系统,通过优化控制策略提高锂电池寿命并降低储能充电站的投运成本.提出双级主动式拓扑的混合储能系统,由锂电池为两个超级电容模组交替充电,再通过超级电容模组高倍率放电.基于此,根据充电桩工况提出多阶段功率状态估计协同规划策略,通过优化功率分配方案来平缓锂电池功率波动,从而保护锂电池.仿真结果表明:相较于纯锂电池储能和传统全主动式拓扑储能,双级主动式拓扑储能方案显著提高了锂电池循环寿命.

关键词: 混合储能系统, 功率分配策略, 寿命优化, 双级主动式拓扑

Abstract:

With the increasing demand for energy storage charging stations, many energy storage systems utilize lithium batteries as the major carriers. However, due to frequent charging and discharging at high power levels, the cycle life of lithium batteries is greatly reduced, which increases the energy storage costs. Given the longevity of supercapacitors, a supercapacitor-lithium hybrid energy storage system has been developed to effectively extend the lifespan of lithium batteries and reduce both investment and operational costs of energy storage charging stations. Based on the dual-stage active topology, a hybrid energy storage system combining supercapacitor-lithium is proposed. Under mild load conditions, two supercapacitor modules are alternatively charged by the lithium battery. Then, the supercapacitor modules are discharges when high power demands are encountered. Accordingly, based on working conditions of the charging pile, a multi-stage strategy, integrating state-of-power estimation and programming, is proposed to optimize the power distribution, smooth the power fluctuation of the lithium battery, and protect the lithium battery. The simulation results show that compared with the lithium batteries only energy storage and the traditional full active topology energy storage, the dual-stage active topology energy storage significantly improves the cycle life of lithium batteries.

Key words: hybrid energy storage system, power allocation strategy, lifetime optimization, dual-stage active topology

中图分类号:

TK01+8
TP13

张诚, 琚长江, 熊灿, 杨根科. 基于双级主动式拓扑的锂电池寿命优化[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2024, 58(5): 719-729.

ZHANG Cheng, JU Changjiang, XIONG Can, YANG Genke. Optimization of Lithium Battery Lifetime Based on Dual-Stage Active Topology[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2024, 58(5): 719-729.

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情形	超级电容运行状态
P_C>P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁与SC₂满电	SC₁放电, SC₂静置
P_C>P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁电量不足, SC₂有电	SC₁充电, SC₂放电
P_C>P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁有电, SC₂电量不足	SC₁放电, SC₂充电
P_C>P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁与SC₂电量不足	SC₁静置, SC₂静置
P_C≤P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁与SC₂电量未满电	SC₁充电, SC₂充电
P_C≤P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁电量不足,SC₂满电	SC₁充电, SC₂静置
P_C≤P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁满电, SC₂电量不足	SC₁静置, SC₂充电
P_C≤P_{BAT_ref}, SC₁与SC₂满电	SC₁静置, SC₂静置

P_{BAT_ref}/kW	BAT循环寿命/次	SC放电能量/(kW·h)
100	2868	11.9796
80	2731	14.2667
60	2544	14.2667
40	2387	14.2667

工况	储能系统结构	功率分配策略	BAT峰值功率放电时间/s	BAT峰值功率放电能量/ (kW·h)	BAT最高放电功率/ kW
1	纯锂电池	—	1394	6.4204	118.00
	全主动式	RB	251	0.7796	117.00
		MCSP	280	0.6380	113.91
	双级主动式	RB	0	0	100.00
		MCSP	0	0	96.62
2	纯锂电池	—	1442	11.1640	131.55
	全主动式	RB	431	3.1965	131.55
		MCSP	616	3.8961	131.55
	双级主动式	RB	0	0	100.00
		MCSP	68	0.0142	103.45

工况	储能系统结构	功率分配策略	BAT循环寿命/次	SC循环寿命/次
1	纯锂电池	—	2873	—
	全主动式	RB	3265	SC,2456
		MCSP	3296	SC,2415
	双级主动式	RB	3431	SC₁,4097;SC₂,3205
		MCSP	3532	SC₁,3983;SC₂,3725
2	纯锂电池	—	2426	—
	全主动式	RB	2636	SC,1885
		MCSP	2731	SC,1961
	双级主动式	RB	2904	SC₁,3868;SC₂,3824
		MCSP	2933	SC₁,3488;SC₂,3582

储能系统结构	HESS总成本/万元
纯锂电池	155.93
全主动式拓扑	157.14
双级主动式拓扑	136.89