Copy-paste forgery is a very common type of forgery in JPEG images. The tampered patch has always
suffered from JPEG compression twice with inconsistent block segmentation. This phenomenon in JPEG image
forgeries is called the shifted double JPEG (SDJPEG) compression. Detection of SDJPEG compressed image
patches can make crucial contribution to detect and locate the tampered region. However, the existing SDJPEG
compression tampering detection methods cannot achieve satisfactory results especially when the tampered region
is small. In this paper, an effective SDJPEG compression tampering detection method utilizing both intra-block
and inter-block correlations is proposed. Statistical artifacts are left by the SDJPEG compression among the
magnitudes of JPEG quantized discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients. Firstly, difference 2D arrays, which
describe the differences between the magnitudes of neighboring JPEG quantized DCT coefficients on the intrablock
and inter-block, are used to enhance the SDJPEG compression artifacts. Then, the thresholding technique
is used to deal with these difference 2D arrays for reducing computational cost. After that, co-occurrence matrix
is used to model these difference 2D arrays so as to take advantage of second-order statistics. All elements of
these co-occurrence matrices are served as features for SDJPEG compression tampering detection. Finally, support
vector machine (SVM) classifier is employed to distinguish the SDJPEG compressed image patches from the
single JPEG compressed image patches using the developed feature set. Experimental results demonstrate the
efficiency of the proposed method.
ZHANG Yu-jina (张玉金), LI Sheng-honga* (李生红), WANG Shi-linb (王士林)
. Detecting Shifted Double JPEG Compression Tampering Utilizing Both Intra-Block and Inter-Block Correlations[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Science), 2013
, 18(1)
: 7
-16
.
DOI: 10.1007/s12204-013-1362-9
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