To reduce the operating costs of container terminals and improve energy utilization efficiency, a day-ahead coordinated scheduling model for container terminal microgrids with potential energy feedback is constructed. Firstly, a logistics-energy coupling system of container terminals is established, and based on this, a quay crane operation model with potential energy feedback and an automatic guided vehicle energy management model are developed. Secondly, the operation characteristics of various logistics equipment in the terminal are analyzed, and a logistics-energy coordinated optimization model with the objective of minimizing daily operating costs is established. The model is then solved using an adaptive simulated annealing genetic algorithm to obtain the optimal collaborative scheduling scheme for quay cranes and automated guided vehicles. Finally, a simulation verification is conducted using a certain container terminal in Shanghai as an example. Compared with the traditional scheduling method, the proposed scheduling scheme reduces the operating cost by 4.96%, increases the utilization rate of potential energy feedback by 14.42%, and effectively shortens the investment payback period of the quay crane potential energy feedback device transformation.