The high strength joining of carbon fiber reinforced nylon 6 composites (CF/PA6) to TWIP980 steel was achieved by resistance element welding (REW). A 304 stainless steel rivet was used as an assistant element. The effect of welding current and welding time on the joint mechanical property was studied. Four joint failure modes with different strengths were identified, and the microstructures of joints, and the interfaces between CF/PA6 and the steel were analyzed. As the melting point and thermal conductivity of CF/PA6 are lower than those of the high-strength steel, it is prone to overheat and decompose during welding. While ensuring the formation of a certain size of weld nugget, avoiding or reducing the decomposition of CF/PA6 is the key to the successful implementation of CF/PA6 high-strength steel REW. By using a hard welding process such as high welding current and short welding time, high strength joints can be obtained while reducing the decomposition of CF/PA6. Based on the failure load of the joint, the weld lobe under the conditions of this study was determined. The process is sensitive to the change of welding time, and the allowable welding time range is narrow. The decomposition of CF/PA6 cannot be avoided completely even when the welding parameters in the weld lobe are employed. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the temperature field and the nugget formation mechanism of the REW process.