The antibiotic resistance of bacteria poses a major challenge to global public health. The antibacterial biomaterials were proposed to substitute or reduce the use of antibiotics, thus preventing implant related infections and limiting the propagation of antibiotic resistance. One research strategy is the surface modification of implant to enhance the implant function with self-cleaning, immune-regulating, contact killing, and release killing abilities. The other strategy is the topical delivery of antimicrobials, aiming to realize the sustainable and controllable drug release profile with microenvironment response and cellular targeting.