Fig.1

Overlapped grids and background grids for numerical calculation

Fig.2

Pressure coefficient distribution of NACA4412 airfoil

Tab.1

Wing parameters of typical ground effect vehicles

Tab.2

Boundary conditions of different cases

Fig.3

Lift coefficient curves under waves of solid wall and water surface

Fig.4

Lift coefficient curves of NACA4412 airfoil under different waves

Fig.5

Pressure coefficient distribution of flow fields around the airfoil under different waves

Fig.6

Air flow channel under ground effect of plane and wave

Fig.7

Diagram of relative position between airfoil and wave

Tab.3

Undetermined coefficients and determination coefficients of fitting curve

Fig.8

Curve fitting results of lift coefficient

Fig.9

Distributions of pressure coefficient on airfoil surface with maximum and minimum lift coefficients under different waves

Fig.10

Lift coefficient curves of NACA4412 airfoil over time at different angles of attack

Fig.11

Curves of maximum, average and minimum lift coefficients of NACA4412 airfoil at different angles of attack

Fig.12

Curves of maximum, average and minimum pitching moment coefficients of NACA4412 airfoil at different angles of attack

Fig.13

Original airfoil and CCA of NACA4412

Fig.14

Velocity curve of periodic blowing

Fig.15

Lift coefficients of circualtion control airfoil under steady blowing with different blowing momentum coefficients

Fig.16

Streamlines and velocity distribution of airfoil trailing edge at Cμ=0, 0.002

Fig.17

Stagnant streamlines of airfoil leading edge at Cμ=0, 0.002

Fig.18

Lift coefficients of periodic blowing and steady blowing with the same velocity at corresponding time

Fig.19

Pressure coefficient distributions of circulation control airfoil at maximum and minimum blowing velocity

Fig.20

Velocity distributions of circulation control airfoil flow field at maximum and minimum blowing velocity

Fig.21

Lift coefficient curves of circulation control airfoil with and without blowing