随着以电力电子变流器为接口的新能源发电与储能系统大规模接入电网，电力系统正面临惯量显著削弱与运行稳定性下降的双重挑战。构网型变流器（GFM）因具备自主建立电压源特性、提供虚拟惯量、频率支撑及电压调节等功能，是支撑高比例新能源消纳、保障系统安全稳定运行的核心技术之一。现有综述论文已详细归纳了构网型变流器控制策略及并网特性方面研究，但还缺少针对GFM应用于新能源大基地的综述性研究。本文梳理了适用于新能源大基地的GFM典型控制策略，比较不同实现方案的优势与适用场景；总结其在光伏、风电、储能及无功补偿等关键装备中的应用路径与稳定性提升机制；归纳并评述了含GFM的大规模新能源发电的并网运行、故障穿越及多机协同等方面的关键科学问题与技术瓶颈。在此基础上，本文进一步提出GFM在多能量系统耦合、新能源大基地运行以及未来电力市场机制适配中的发展趋势与研究方向。

With the large-scale integration of renewable generation and energy storage systems interfaced by power electronic converters, modern power systems are facing dual challenges: significantly reduced inertia and declining operational stability. Grid-forming converters (GFM), owing to their ability to autonomously establish voltage sources, provide virtual inertia, support frequency, and regulate voltage, have emerged as a core technology to enable high penetration of renewable energy and ensure secure and stable system operation. While existing review papers have extensively summarized GFM control strategies and grid-connection characteristics, there is still a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing on their application in large-scale renewable energy bases. This paper reviews typical GFM control strategies suitable for large renewable bases and compares the advantages and applicable scenarios of different implementations. It further summarizes the application pathways and stability enhancement mechanisms of GFM in key equipment such as photovoltaics, wind power, energy storage, and reactive power compensation. Moreover, the key scientific issues and technical bottlenecks of grid operation, fault ride-through, and multi-converter coordination in systems with high GFM penetration are discussed. On this basis, the paper proposes development trends and research directions of grid-forming converters in multi-energy system coupling, large-scale renewable base operation, and adaptation to future electricity market mechanisms.