柔性光伏屋面（FPR）因其轻质、可弯曲、易安装等优点，可适应建筑曲面轻量安装需求，是城市更新下建筑光伏一体化的重要发展方向。然而，柔性光伏屋面散热能力受限带来电池高温，降低光电转换效率及发电量，严重制约光伏屋面的工程推广。本文以相变材料（PCM）被动热管理为基础，建立基于焓法修正热平衡的理论计算模型，采用我国五类气候区（严寒至夏热冬暖）城市气象数据，探究了相变温度（25~45 ℃）与厚度（20~60 mm）对FPRIPCM系统温度调控及发电性能的影响。结果表明：PCM潜热-显热协同作用可显著抑制光伏温升，广州夏季温降可达35.46%、最高发电增益16.24%；气候适应性分析表明广州等低纬度地区全年调控效果稳定（月均增量保持~2 kW·h），而哈尔滨等高纬度地区季节差异显著。进一步考虑建筑荷载与经济性约束，给出了相变层厚度的优化阈值（≤60 mm）及相变温度推荐值（高温区：35~45 ℃；温和区：25~30 ℃）。本研究可为光伏建筑一体化系统的气候适应性设计提供理论和技术参考。

Flexible photovoltaic roofs (FPR) are suitable for curved and lightweight buildings due to lightweight, bendable, and easy-to-install characteristics, making them a promising direction for building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) in urban renewal. However, the limited heat dissipation capacity of FPR leads to elevated module temperatures, which reduces photovoltaic conversion efficiency and power generation, hindering its engineering application. Based on passive thermal management using phase change material (PCM), this study proposes a theoretical calculation model modified by the enthalpy method for thermal balance. Using meteorological data from cities across China’s five climatic zones (from severe cold to hot summer and warm winter), the effects of phase change temperature (25–45 °C) and thickness (20–60 mm) on temperature regulation and power performance of the FPR-PCM system are investigated. Results show that the effect of latent and sensible heat of PCM significantly suppresses temperature rise in PV modules, with a maximum temperature reduction of 35.46% and a maximum power increase of 16.24% during summer in Guangzhou. Climate adaptability analysis indicates stable annual regulation performance in low-latitude regions such as Guangzhou (monthly increase at ~2 kW·h), while significant seasonal variations are observed in high-latitude regions such as Harbin. Further considering building load and economic constraints, optimized thresholds for PCM layer thickness (≤60 mm) and recommended temperatures (35–45 °C for high-temperature regions; 25–30 °C for temperate regions) are proposed. This study can provide theoretical and technical references for climate-adaptive design of BIPV systems.