为应对光伏发电的间歇性与不确定性所导致的高额市场偏差惩罚，同时规避自建储能高昂的投资与运维成本，本文提出一种面向光伏电站的分时租赁储能参与能量调频市场的鲁棒优化策略，旨在以轻资产、低风险的方式提升光伏电站的市场收益。该策略首先根据光伏出力昼夜间歇性特征构建分时容量租赁机制，进而建立计及光伏出力和市场价格多重不确定性的两阶段鲁棒优化模型，通过引入预算保守度动态优化租赁容量配置，接着运用对偶理论将两阶段鲁棒优化模型转化为混合整数线性规划问题，并采用CPLEX求解器进行求解，得到最优租赁储能容量方案，为运营商提供运行决策支持。最后，以宁夏某地光伏电站的实测数据进行验证，测试结果表明光伏电站采用本文提出的运行策略在支付租赁储能费用的基础上，能获得与自建模式相近的净收益并减少偏差惩罚费用，同时还可显著降低其初始投资压力与运营风险，具有重要的工程应用价值。

In response to the high market deviation penalties caused by the intermittency and uncertainty of photovoltaic (PV) power generation, while avoiding the high investment and operational costs associated with self-built energy storage, this paper proposes a robust optimization strategy for time-of-use leased energy storage participating in the frequency regulation market for photovoltaic power plants. This strategy aims to enhance the market revenue of PV power stations through a light-asset, low-risk approach. First, a time-shared capacity leasing mechanism is designed according to the diurnal intermittency characteristics of PV output. Then, a two-stage robust optimization model is established to account for the multiple uncertainties of PV output and market prices. By introducing a budget conservatism parameter, the leased capacity configuration is dynamically optimized. Subsequently, duality theory is applied to transform the two-stage robust optimization model into a mixed-integer linear programming problem, which is solved using the CPLEX solver to obtain the optimal leased energy storage capacity plan, thereby providing operational decision support for plant operators. Finally, validation using measured data from a PV power station in Ningxia, China, demonstrates that by adopting the proposed operation strategy, the PV power station can achieve net comparable to the self-build model after covering its energy storage leasing costs, while also reducing deviation penalty fees. Additionally, it significantly lowers initial investment pressure and operational risks, highlighting its significant value for engineering applications.