电磁感应矫平工艺高效、可控，能够有效矫正薄板焊接变形，同时也会造成焊后残余应力的再分布，影响薄板的制造精度。为研究矫平工艺对焊后表面纵向残余应力再分布的影响规律，以T形焊接件矫平为例，测试了不同矫平工艺后焊接件表面纵向残余应力的分布情况，并结合有限元仿真和焊接三棒理论模型，研究了焊缝背面正上方矫平和焊缝背面两侧矫平影响焊缝处表面纵向残余应力分布的内在机制；设计了两种不同顺序的组合式矫平方案，预测并试验验证了不同方案对残余应力再分布的影响效果。结果表明，先进行正上方矫平、后进行两侧矫平的矫平模式能够有效降低焊缝处表面纵向残余应力。研究成果为合理设计电磁感应矫平工艺提供依据和支撑。

Induction straightening is an effective method for welding deformation correction of thin plates due to its high efficiency and controllability, while causing the redistribution of welding residual stress, leading to a reduction in manufacturing precision. In order to study the influence rules of induction straightening process on post-weld surface longitudinal residual stress redistribution, the straightening process of T-joint welds is used as an example, and the distribution regularities of surface longitudinal residual stress under different straightening process are experimentally obtained. The internal mechanism of residual stress distribution under different straightening modes including straightening above the back of the weld and straightening on both flanks of the back of the weld are studied through the combination of finite element simulation and a three-bar analytical model. Two combined induction straightening modes of different sequences are designed, whose influences on residual stress redistribution are theoretically predicted and experimentally verified. The results show that the combined mode of straightening above the weld first and straightening on both flanks of the weld later is an effective method for reducing surface longitudinal residual stress at the welding seam. The research results can provide a certain reference for the rational design of induction straightening process so as to control post-weld surface longitudinal residual stress.