磁流变抛光在非球面光学镜片超精密加工等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文通过磁场仿真设计合理的磁极尺寸，优化了测试磁场的均匀度和垂直度，设计了适用于HR20型旋转流变仪的磁流变测试套件及方法，结合实验测试和理论拟合确定了最佳流体本构模型；建立了轮式磁流变抛光流场模型，分析了磁场强度对磁流变抛光液粘度、抛光缎带形貌、抛光区域压力分布的影响规律。测试结果表明，抛光液粘度随外磁场强度增加而显著增大；流场仿真结果表明，磁场影响下抛光缎带会发生收束，与工件有效接触面积增大，在工件表面产生的“D”形压力分布随外磁场增强而显著增强，有助于增强对工件的加工效果。

Magnetorheological finishing method has broad application prospects in the fields of ultra-precision processing of aspherical optical lenses. A magnetorheological test kit for the HR20 rheometer and a matching test method were designed and optimized in this paper, and the best constitutive model was found through experimental testing and curve fitting. A wheel-type magnetorheological polishing flow field model was established, and the influence of magnetic field intensity on the viscosity of magnetorheological polishing fluid, the morphology of polishing ribbon and the pressure distribution in the polishing area were analyzed. Test results of magnetorheological polishing fluids show that the viscosity and non-Newtonian characteristics of the polishing fluid increase significantly with the increase of the external magnetic field intensity. The simulation results show that the polished ribbon converges under the influence of the magnetic field, and the effective contact area with the workpiece increases. The "D" shaped pressure distribution generated on the surface of the workpiece is significantly enhanced as the external magnetic field increases.