在新能源渗透率不断提升的背景下，为应对电力系统快速增长的灵活爬坡需求，本文针对需求侧灵活资源，提出了一种楼宇型虚拟电厂（BVPP）参与能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行策略。首先，考虑楼宇内各设备的物理特性，环境因素和人为因素建立电动汽车（EV）集群和中央空调系统（CACS）的灵活性供应模型，以评估BVPP灵活爬坡供应能力。其次，考虑负荷及新能源出力预测的不确定性，基于条件风险价值理论建立BVPP参与日前能量和灵活爬坡市场优化运行模型。然后，考虑到BVPP风险偏好对各主体收益分配的影响，引入风险效应因子，提出基于风险修正Shapley法的BVPP内各主体收益分配机制。最后，通过算例验证了本文提出的BVPP市场优化运行策略的经济性和低碳性，及收益分配机制的合理性。

In the context of increasing penetration of renewable energy, to address the rapidly growing demand for flexible ramping in power systems, this paper proposes an optimization operation strategy for a Building-based Virtual Power Plant (BVPP) to participate in energy and flexible ramping markets. First, considering the physical characteristics of various devices within buildings, as well as environmental and human factors, we establish flexible operation models for electric vehicle (EV) clusters and Central Air-conditioning Systems (CACS) to assess the flexible ramping supply capacity of the BVPP. Second, taking into account the uncertainty in load and renewable energy output forecasts, we establish a day-ahead energy and flexible ramp market optimization operation model for BVPP based on Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) theory. Then, considering the impact of BVPP's risk preferences on the revenue distribution among various entities, we introduce a risk effect factor and propose a revenue distribution mechanism within the BVPP based on a risk-modified Shapley method. Finally, through case studies, we verify that the proposed BVPP market optimization operation strategy is both economical and low-carbon, and that the revenue distribution mechanism can reasonably allocate the revenues among the entities within the BVPP.