为了探究路堑边坡和路堤边坡地震响应的差异，以及初始含水量对非饱和边坡地震表现的影响，在非饱和土力学框架下开发了一种土-水-气三相耦合数值分析方法。以路堑边坡和路堤边坡为研究对象，采用有限元数值模拟的方法分析了两类边坡在位移模式和加速度响应上的区别，同时探究了土体初始含水量对非饱和边坡地震响应的影响。结果表明，路堑边坡因后方边界的约束，在高含水量下发生滑动破坏的风险较低；而路堤边坡的滑动趋势明显，坡脚位移更大。

This study explores the seismic response differences between cut slopes and embankment slopes, with a particular focus on the impact of initial water content on the seismic performance of unsaturated slopes. To achieve this, a soil-water-air three-phase coupled numerical analysis method was developed within the framework of unsaturated soil mechanics. This numerical approach was employed to simulate the deformation patterns and acceleration responses of both slope types during an earthquake. Additionally, the influence of initial water content on the dynamic behavior of the slopes was examined. The results indicate that high initial water content reduces the risk of sliding failure in cut slopes due to the stabilizing effect of the adjacent undisturbed ground. Embankment slopes exhibit a more pronounced sliding tendency, with greater displacement observed at the slope toe.