为解决河口深槽可航宽度变化水域船舶航行决策挑战,以长江口北槽深水航道为例,围绕环境数字孪生、航行规则融入、船舶操纵性限制和特殊水域下避碰机理等关键科学问题开展研究.将环境构成要素分类、建模并实现环境数字孪生.归纳、量化解析航行规则要求并融入决策过程, 提出本船非线性操纵特性下的控制和过程预测方法.探究基于研究水域船舶行为特征的避碰机理,建立可行航向航速范围求取方法,提出多因素约束下能动态自适应系统剩余误差和目标船随机运动的航行决策方法.在预设场景下,本船在241、1 484、4 119 s 时,分别右转7°、右转2° 且将车令降到前进1、右转5° 且将车令降到前进1可安全通过.结果表明,提出的方法能在研究场景中精确进行航行决策,安全避让并及时跟踪航线.

To address the challenges of ship navigation decision-making in the water area where the navigable width of the estuary deep channel changes, taking the north channel deep waterway of the Yangtze River estuary as an example, research is conducted on the key scientific issues such as environmental digital twin, navigation rule integration, ship maneuverability limitation, and collision avoidance mechanism in special water area. First, the environmental components are classified, modeled, and implented into an environmental digital twin. Navigation requirements are summarized, quantitatively analyzed, and integrated into the decision-making process. A control and process prediction method for the nonlinear maneuvering characteristics of the own ship is proposed. Then, collision avoidance mechanism specific to the ship behavior characteristics of the research water area is explored. A method for obtaining the feasible heading and speed range is established, and a dynamic navigation decision-making method is proposed, which is capable of adapting to the system residual error and the random motion of the target ship under multiple constraints. In preset scenarios, the method proposed ensures all safe passage targets with adjustments of course 7° to starboard, course 2° to starboard with a telegraph order reduction to forward 1, course 5° to starboard with a telegraph order reduction to forward 1 at 241 s, 1 484 s, and 4 119 s respectively. The results show that the proposed method can accurately make navigation decisions, ensure collision avoidance, and perform route tracking in a timely manner.