近年来,商业综合体的发展趋势迅猛,楼宇建筑的能源消耗以及碳排放持续增长.在此背景下,对包含购物、餐饮、办公和住宿等多种功能的商业综合体楼宇低碳规划进行研究,建立楼宇低碳规划模型,同时考虑引入上级电网购电分时碳计量模型的阶梯碳奖惩和考虑楼宇各功能区域差异化预测平均指标(PMV)的综合需求响应(IDR).首先,引入上级网络购电分时碳计量模型,利用其评估楼宇等效碳排放,并构建阶梯碳奖惩模型衡量楼宇碳排放.同时,根据所规划商业综合体的特点构建考虑负荷时间转移和用能削减、终端用能设备替代及上级能源端用能种类转换的IDR.其次,以计及楼宇碳奖惩费用的楼宇年总规划成本最优为目标函数,考虑楼宇各功能区域差异化PMV,建立楼宇低碳规划模型来决策楼宇中各能源设备的型号及台数.然后,利用基于Kullback-Leibler散度的分布鲁棒优化方法应对接入的屋顶分布式光伏及光伏幕墙出力波动性.最后,通过算例分析引入上级电网购电分时碳计量模型的阶梯碳奖惩、考虑楼宇各功能区域差异化PMV的IDR及接入光伏出力波动性对楼宇规划的影响,验证所提规划模型可以有效减少楼宇能耗以及降低碳排放.

With the rapid development of commercial complexes in recent years, energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings are growing continuously. In this context, the low-carbon planning of commercial complexes is studied including shopping, restaurants, offices, and accommodation. In addition, a low-carbon planning model for building considering ladder carbon reward and punishment with the introduction of the time-sharing carbon measurement model of superior network power purchase and an integrated demand response (IDR) considering the differentiated predicted mean vote (PMV) of each functional area of the building is established. First, the time-sharing carbon measurement model of superior network power purchase is introduced to evaluate the equivalent carbon emissions of the building. Then, a ladder carbon reward and punishment model is built to measure the carbon emissions of the building. Based on the characteristics of the commercial complex planned in this paper, the IDR considering load time shifting and energy use reduction, end-use energy equipment substitution, and energy use type conversion at the superior energy end is constructed. Afterwards, a low-carbon planning model for building is established to determine the equipment type and capacity considering the PMV for each functional area of the building. Especially, the objective function is to optimize the total annual planning cost of the building by taking into account carbon reward and punishment costs of the building. A distributionally robust optimization model based on Kullback-Leibler divergence is proposed to cope with the output volatility of the connected distributed photovoltaic and photovoltaic curtain wall. Finally, the effects of the ladder carbon reward and punishment mechanism of the time-sharing carbon measurement model of superior network power purchase, the IDR of the differentiated PMV of each functional area of the building, and the volatility of the connected photovoltaic output on the building planning are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the planning model proposed for energy saving and emission reduction in the building.