针对水滴在结冰风洞实验中加速过程内易发生破碎而导致试验段内水滴粒径分布难以符合结冰气象条件的问题,利用流体体积(VOF)方法,模拟了直径为100、200、400、600、800、1 000 μm 以及 1 200 μm 的水滴在不同气流速度作用下(20、50、80 m/s)的变形破碎情况.结果表明:在20 m/s气流作用下,直径为600 μm的水滴不发生破碎;当风速为50 m/s时,直径为100 μm的水滴不发生破碎;随着韦伯数增加,最大不稳定波波长也随之增大,水滴的破碎模式从袋状破碎变为包-蕊状破碎,随后转变为蕊-层状破碎,进一步转变为剪切破碎.水滴的破碎形式包括袋状破碎、包-蕊状破碎、蕊-层状破碎及剪切破碎,会对面积最大的液滴与初始液滴面积之比有较大影响.在初始水滴直径相同的条件下,入口速度越大,破碎后的面积比越大.

Aimed at the problem that water droplets are easy to break up during the acceleration process in icing wind tunnel experiment, which makes it difficult for the particle size distribution of water droplets in the test section to conform to the icing weather conditions, the deformation and breakup regime of water droplets with a diameter of 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 μm under the action of different air velocities(20, 50, and 80 m/s) are simulated by using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The results show that under the action of 20 m/s air flow, the water droplet with a diameter of 600 μm does not break. Under the action of 50 m/s air flow, the water droplet with a diameter of 100 μm does not break. With the increase of Weber number, the wavelength of the most destructive wave also increases, and the breakup regime of water droplets changes from bag breakup to bag-plume breakup, to plume-shear breakup, and to shear breakup successively. The droplet breakup regime, including the bag breakup, bag/plume breakup, the plume/sheet-thinning breakup, and the shear breakup, has a significant effect on the ratio of the area of the largest droplet to the initial droplet. Under the condition that the initial drop diameter is the same, as the inlet velocity increases, the area ratio after breakup increases.