为了探究多轴特种车辆在轮胎损失极限工况下的行驶特性,基于TruckSim车辆动力学软件,建立包括整车参数、动力传动与制动系统、车桥与悬挂系统、转向系统和轮胎系统的五轴特种车辆动力学仿真试验模型,通过对仿真模型进行调整和改进,建立符合实车驱动的特种车辆动力学模型.为重点分析轮胎缺失状态的影响,以轮胎六分力试验为基础,选取TruckSim中性能相似的非线性轮胎模型进行修改,通过进行0~80~0 km/h直线加速制动平顺性仿真试验和双移线操稳性仿真试验,研究不同位置处轮胎缺失状态下的车辆平顺特性和操稳特性.同时,以车辆质心偏移量为标准,分析讨论不同行驶速度下的最大缺失轮胎数量,提出不同行驶速度下缺胎工况的轮胎布置方法以及各桥轮胎对车辆行驶影响的程度级别.研究结果表明:多轴特种车辆具备在缺胎工况下行驶的极限条件,不同位置处轮胎缺失对车辆的最大行驶速度影响不显著;该型车辆各桥轮胎对车辆行驶影响的重要程度依次为一桥、五桥、三桥、二桥和四桥;车辆分别以50、30和20 km/h速度行驶时,最大缺失轮胎数量分别为1、2和3个.研究结论为多轴特种车辆行驶安全性评估提供了理论支撑.

In order to investigate the driving characteristics of multi-axis special vehicle under the limit condition of missing tires, a five-axis special vehicle dynamics simulation test model including vehicle parameters, power transmission and braking system, axle and suspension system, steering system, and tire system was established based on the vehicle dynamics software TruckSim. Focusing on the analysis of the effect of tire deficiency and based on the tire six component test, the simulation test model of tire parameter was modified and the 0—80—0 km/h linear acceleration brake comfort simulation test and double line operating stability simulation test were conducted to study the smooth features and stability characteristics under the condition of tire deficiency at different positions. Based on the deviation of the centroid of the vehicle, the maximum number of missing tires at different driving speeds was analyzed, and the tire layout methods as well as the degree of influence of each axle tire on the vehicle at different driving speeds were proposed. The results show that the multi-axle special vehicle has the limit condition of driving under the condition of tire deficiency, and the tire deficiency at different positions has little effect on the driving speed of the vehicle. The influence of each axle tire on the driving of this type of vehicle is ranked in order of importance, which are the first axle, the fifth axle, the third axle, the second axle, and the fourth axle. When the vehicle travels at 50 km/h, 30 km/h, and 20 km/h, the maximum numbers of missing tires are 1, 2, and 3, respectively. This paper can provide theoretical support for the assessment of driving safety of multi-axle special vehicles.