为实现对轮胎垂向力的量化估计,开展了基于周向胎内应变分析的重载轮胎垂向力估计算法研究.建立16.00R20重载轮胎有限元模型,通过轮胎加载实验和模态振动实验对比发现模型垂向刚度误差和振动频率误差分别在7.79%和5.49%以内,验证了模型的有效性;利用有限元方法研究了垂向力对轮胎接地特性和内衬层周向应变的影响规律,根据周向应变曲线特征分析了周向应变与接地角的关系,提出并验证了轮胎接地角表征指标,3个表征指标误差均小于8%;以接地角和接地长度作为辨识特征,结合灰狼优化算法和支持向量回归机建立垂向力估计模型,通过有限元仿真对比验证估计精度.结果表明:结合应变曲线零阶、一阶、二阶导数特征点间距角的表征指标能较准确估算接地角;基于灰狼支持向量回归机的垂向力估计算法估计效果良好,估计值与有限元仿真值误差在1.8%以内,能够准确地估算轮胎垂向力.

In order to realize the quantitative estimation of tire vertical force, the algorithm of heavy-loaded tire vertical force estimation based on circumferential strain analysis is studied. A finite element analysis model of 16.00R20 tire is established. A comparison of tire loading test and modal vibration test indicates that the vertical stiffness error and vibration frequency error of the model are less than 7.79% and 5.49% respectively, which verifies the validity of the model. Using the finite element method, the influence of vertical force on tire grounding characteristics and circumferential strain of inner liner is studied. The characterization index of tire contact angle is proposed and verified by circumferential strain analysis, and the errors of the three indexes are all less than 8%. Taking the grounding angle and grounding length as identification features, the vertical force estimation model is established by combining grey wolf optimization (GWO) and the support vector regression (SVR), and the estimation accuracy is verified by finite element simulation. The results indicate that the characterization index in combination with the of characteristic point spacing angle of zero-order, first-order and second-order derivative of strain curve can accurately estimate tire contact angle. The error between the estimated value of the vertical force estimation algorithm based on GWO-SVR and the finite element simulation value is less than 1.8%.