对导边变形的仿生螺旋桨的水动力性能优化设计提出一种新颖的方法.基于仿生学原理与参数化建模的方法,将座头鲸前鳍的凹凸结构应用于螺旋桨导边,即在螺旋桨导边迎流区依据指数衰减曲线和正弦函数曲线将标准光滑导边进行类似座头鲸鳍突起结构状的凹凸变形,获得的导边凹凸的仿生螺旋桨.分别对指数衰减型仿生桨与正弦函数型仿生桨进行水动力性能、空泡性能以及噪声性能数值模拟.选出其中性能较优的螺旋桨,然后将基于仿真设计(SBD)技术引入新型仿生螺旋桨优化设计中,以控制导边变形的指数衰减曲线形状的参数为优化设计变量,以母型桨的转矩作为约束条件,选取敞水效率为目标函数,采用Sobol与T-Search优化算法,构建基于指数衰减曲线的仿生螺旋桨优化研究系统.研究结果表明:将座头鲸前鳍的凹凸结构应用于螺旋桨导边对螺旋桨的空泡性能与噪声性能有所提高,但对于螺旋桨敞水性能的提高不显著,验证了本研究所建立的仿生桨水动力性能优化设计方法是有效可靠的,为仿生螺旋桨的性能数值计算及构型优化设计提供了一定的理论依据和技术指导.

A novel method for optimal design of hydrodynamic performance of bionic propeller with a deformable leading edge is proposed. Based on the bionics principle and method of parameterized modeling, the fore-fin concave-convex structure of humpback whales is applied to the propeller leading edge, the leading edge in the propeller to meet flow region according to the exponential decay curve and the standard sine curve smooth leading edge for similar humpback fins protuberant structure of concave and convex deformation, and the leading edge of concave and convex bionic propeller. The hydrodynamic performance, the cavitation performance, and the noise performance of the exponential decay bionic propeller and the sinusoidal function bionic propeller were simulated respectively. The propeller with a better performance is selected, and the simulation based design (SBD) technology is introduced into the optimization design of the new bionic propeller. The parameters controlling the shape of the exponential attenuation curve of the guide edge deformation are taken as optimization design variables, the torque of the parent propeller is taken as the constraint condition, the open water efficiency is selected as the objective function, and the optimization algorithm of Sobol and T-Search is adopted. A bionic propeller optimization system based on the exponential decay curve is constructed. The results show that the application of the concave and convex structure of the humpback whale fore-fin to the guide edge of the propeller improves the cavitation performance and noise performance of the propeller, but the improvement of the open water performance of the propeller is not particularly significant. It is verified that the hydrodynamic performance optimization design method of the bionic propeller established in this paper is effective and reliable, which provides a certain theoretical basis and technical guidance for the performance numerical calculation and configuration optimization design of the bionic propeller.