护舷在船舶碰撞中起到重要的保护作用,但目前对船用护舷的碰撞仿真方法及复合材料护舷的防护机理等相关研究较少.首先,提出一种新型复合材料护舷设计方案,基于材料力学性能测试数据,选择低密度泡沫和超弹性材料本构模型分别模拟护舷内层泡沫与外层聚氨酯.随后针对船体-护舷-码头的靠泊问题,建立多体几何模型,形成碰撞仿真方法,从能量转换的角度对护舷防护性能进行分析,证明了复合材料较橡胶护舷对船体结构的保护作用更优.最后,分别改变复合材料内层泡沫刚度、船体刚度、外层聚氨酯厚度及拉伸刚度,对复合材料防护机理进行分析.结果表明:护舷较船体结构的相对刚度是影响其防护性能的主要因素,复合材料护舷的内层泡沫为主要吸能结构,通过压缩变形吸收船体动能以降低结构响应,而外层聚氨酯主要起保护芯体的作用.

Fenders play an important protective role in ship collisions, but there are few studies related to the collision simulation methods and the protection mechanism of composite fenders. First, aimed at the new composite fender design scheme proposed in this paper and based on the material properties exhibited in the test, low-density foam and hyperelastic models are selected to simulate the inner foam and outer polyurethane of the fender, respectively. Subsequently, for the hull-fender-quay collision problem, a multi-body geometry model is established and a collision simulation method is formed to analyze the fender protection mechanism from the perspective of energy conversion. It is proved that the composite material has a better protection effect on the hull structure than the rubber fender. Finally, the inner foam strength, hull stiffness, outer polyurethane thickness, and tensile strength of composite materials are varied to analyze the protection mechanism of composite materials respectively. The results show that the relative stiffness of the fender and the structure is the main factor affecting the protection performance. The inner foam of the composite fender is the main energy-absorbing structure, absorbing the kinetic energy of the hull through compression deformation to reduce the response of the structure, while the outer polyurethane mainly plays the role of protecting the core.