针对浅海环境下的单桩基础,在水槽试验室中建立砂土-桩基-波浪缩尺模型,进行波浪作用下单桩静载荷试验.测试桩周海床土孔隙水压力和不同荷载作用下的桩基沉降,分析在波浪荷载下单桩和海床土相互作用机理和单桩荷载沉降曲线特性,探讨不同桩径下桩周海床土超静孔压(p_s)对单桩竖向承载力的影响.结果表明:单桩的存在会增大桩周海床土p_s,同时减小桩底海床土p_s;桩径越大,桩周p_s越大.与无波浪影响的情况相比,波浪荷载作用下的单桩承载力较小,相同荷载水平下的桩顶沉降增加显著,且沉降增大的趋势在桩径较大时更明显.研究表明在海洋桩基的设计过程中要关注波浪荷载对桩基承载力的影响.

For the foundation of the monopile in the shallow water environment,a scale model of sand-monopile-wave was adopted in the wave flume simulation experiment, and the static load test of the monopile under wave action was explored. The pore water pressure of the soil around the monopile and the settlement of the monopile at different wave loads were examined. Based on the static load test results, the interaction mechanism between sand and the monopile subjected to wave load, the characteristics of load settlement curve,and the influence of excess pore water pressure (p_s) on the vertical bearing capacity of the monopile with various pile diameters were analyzed. The results show that due to the presence of the monopile, the p_s of the soil around the pile increases whereas the p_s at the bottom of the monopile decreases. However, the p_s around the pile increases with increasing pile diameter. The bearing capacity of the monopile under the influence of wave load is less than that without wave load. At the same load, the pile settlement increases remarkably and the increase is more obvious in the case of larger pile diameter. The experiment shows that the effect of wave load on the pile foundation bearing capacity should be monitored during the design process.