开展个性化精准医疗的核心在于对复杂生物样本进行个性化表征.糖链大量存在于人体组织、细胞和各类体液蛋白表面，发挥重要生物功能.糖链异质化含有重要疾病表征信息，为疾病早期诊断和治疗提供靶点.本文介绍基于末端糖链的疾病诊疗新技术，提出异质化糖链作为疾病诊断指标和治疗靶标的开发潜力，为实现临床个体化医疗提供参考.

The core of personalized precision medicine is to conduct personalized characterization of complex biological samples. Glycans exist in large quantities on the surface of proteins in human tissues, cells, and various body fluids, which have important biological functions. The heterogeneity of glycans contains important characterization information and provides targets for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This paper introduces novel technologies of disease diagnosis and treatment based on terminal glycans, and illustrates that heterogeneous glycans can be used as novel targets for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The achievements can provide reference for the realization of clinical personalized medicine.