由于电磁力的作用，多丝焊接多电弧与常规的单丝焊接电弧有显著不同的形态特征，电弧稳定性也受到直接影响.通过三丝焊接实验，借助高速摄影系统，量化研究了不同焊接电流组合和焊丝距离组合对电弧形态特征的影响.电弧形态参数包括电弧的高度、面积和偏移量，将三者的波动性作为评价电弧稳定性的3个参数.结果表明，电弧高度无明显波动，其值与焊接电流有关，与焊丝距离无关.采用大电流焊接时，熔池金属较多，导致“潜弧现象”的发生，电弧高度和面积均减小；大电流条件下的电弧抗干扰能力强，电弧偏移量小，电弧燃烧稳定.焊丝距离的改变对中间电弧面积的影响最直接，而对引导电弧和跟随电弧面积的影响较小.总体来说，随着焊丝距离的增大，电弧干扰作用和电弧偏移量减小，电弧稳定性提高.
Characteristics and arc stability of multi-arc morphology in multi-wire welding are significantly different from those of single-wire welding due to electromagnetic force. A triple-wire welding platform was established, and the influence of welding current and wire-to-wire distance on arc shape characteristics was quantitatively studied by using the triple-wire welding high-speed photographic system. The fluctuation values of arc shape parameters (arc height, arc area, and arc deflection) were used to evaluate arc stability. The results show that there is no obvious fluctuation in arc height, and its value is related to welding current, but independent of wire-to-wire distance. When the welding current is set at a high level, there are more molten pool metals, which cause the “submerged arc phenomenon”, and the height and area of the arc become smaller than those at a low level of welding current. In addition, the arc under the high current condition has a strong anti-interference ability. Therefore, the arc deflection is small, and the arc combustion is stable. The change of wire-to-wire distance has a more direct effect on the middle arc area than that of leading arc and trailing arc. Overall, the interference effect and deflection of arc decrease and the arc stability improves as the wire-to-wire distance increases.
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