针对频域多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法估计子空间的不稳定性问题，提出了一种基于时域解析估计子空间的MUSIC(TAMUSIC)波束形成方法.通过Hilbert变换将各阵元时域实数据转变为复解析数据，在时域构建经过时延后的协方差矩阵，利用特征分解求取噪声子空间，并利用噪声子空间自身的正交特性获得来波方向波束.数值仿真及实测数据处理结果表明，与频域MUSIC波束形成方法相比，TAMUSIC波束形成方法可以稳定获取快速运动目标的噪声子空间和来波方向波束，使波束旁瓣级最少降低3dB，能够有效检测运动目标，且无虚假目标和波束分裂现象，并提高MUSIC波束形成方法在工程应用中的稳定性.
For the instability problem of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) beam-forming estimating subspace in frequency domain, a multiple signal classification beam-forming method based on time-domain analysis (TAMUSIC) was proposed. Firstly, the complex analysis data were obtained from the time domain real data by the Hilbert transformation. Secondly, the covariance matrix was constructed in time domain after the time delay, and the noise subspace was statistically obtained by eigen-decomposition. Finally, the beam was obtained by the orthogonal properties of the noise subspace in direction of arrival. The processed results of numerical simulation and measured data show that under the case of fast moving target, compared to the MUSIC beam-forming method, TAMUSIC beam-forming method can statistically get the noise subspace and the beam in direction of arrival for fast moving target, improve the side-lobe level more than 3dB. It effectively detects the fast moving target, and has no phenomenon of false target and split beam. It also improves the stability of MUSIC beam-forming method in practical project.
［1］YOO D S. Subspace-based DOA estimation with sliding signal-vector construction for ULA［J］. Electronics Letters, 2015, 51(17): 1361-1363.
［2］SUN H M, YANG L, WEI L X. The ship target detection with improved orthogonal vector spectral estimation based on signal-subspace［J］. Radar Science and Technology, 2016, 19(4): 321-326.
［3］高杨, 李东生. 基于改良MUSIC和ALD-LCMV的自适应波束形成算法［J］. 探测与控制学报, 2015, 37(3): 24-29.
GAO Yang, LI Dongsheng. Adaptive beamforming algorithm based on modified MUSIC and ADL-LCMV［J］. Journal of Detection & Control, 2015, 37(3): 24-29.
［4］郭鑫, 葛凤翔, 任岁玲, 等. 一种最差情况下性能最优化的特征分析自适应波束形成方法［J］. 声学学报, 2015, 40(2): 187-197.
GUO Xin, GE Fengxiang, REN Suiling, et al. Eigen analysis-based adaptive beamforming using worst-case performance optimization［J］. Acta Acustica, 2015, 40(2): 187-197.
［5］金燕利, 章伟裕, 陈艳丽. 一种基于特征分析的强干扰抑制方法［J］. 声学技术, 2014, 33(5): 469-472.
JIN Yanli, ZHANG Weiyu, CHEN Yanli. A method of suppressing strong interference based on eigen ana-lysis［J］. Technical Acoustics, 2014, 33(5): 469-472.
［6］周浩, 蒋兴舟, 袁志勇. 基于波束域MUSIC方法的高分辨方位估计［J］. 海军工程大学学报, 2007, 19(2): 72-75.
ZHOU Hao, JIANG Xingzhou, YUAN Zhiyong. Study of the high resolution DOA estimation techno-logy based on the beam space MUSIC algorithm［J］. Journal of Naval University of Engineering, 2007, 19(2): 72-75.
［7］王良, 宋志杰, 华洋. 时域解析信号的 MVDR 自适应波束形成方法［J］. 数据采集与处理, 2009, 24(3): 318-322.
WANG Liang, SONG Zhijie, HUA Yang. Adaptive MVDR beamforming algorithm based on time-domain analysis signals［J］. Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing, 2009, 24(3): 318-322.
［8］王易川, 李海涛, 高鑫, 等. 矢量圆阵时域解析MVDR算法研究［J］. 舰船科学技术, 2017, 39(3): 131-133.
WANG Yichuan, LI Haitao, GAO Xin, et al. Stu-dying of circular vector sensor array time domain ana-lysis MVDR algorithm［J］. Ship Science and Technology, 2017, 39(3): 131-133.
［9］YANG T C. Deconvolved conventional beamforming for a horizontal line array［J］. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 2017, 34(3): 281-290.
［10］BAGGEROER A B, COX H. Passive sonar limits upon nulling multiple moving ships with large aperture arrays［C］//Conference Record of the Thirty-Third Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. Pacific, USA: IEEE, 1999: 103-108.
［11］SONG H C, KUPEMZAN W, HODGKISS W, et al. Robustness of null broadening against source motion［J］. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112(5): 2421-2431.
［12］郑恩明, 陈新华, 孙长瑜.一种水下声信号未知频率的时延差估计方法［J］. 振动与冲击, 2014, 33(9): 190-194.
ZHENG Enming, CHEN Xinhua, SUN Changyu. A time delay difference estimation method for unknown frequency of underwater acoustic signals［J］. Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2014, 33(9): 190-194.
［13］郑恩明, 丘颜, 孙长瑜, 等. 三元阵被动定位中时延差估计算法研究［J］. 电子与信息学报, 2014, 36(3): 639-645.
ZHENG Enming, QIU Yan, SUN Changyu, et al. Investigation on time delay difference estimation for three-element array passive positioning［J］. Journal of Electronics & Information Technology, 2014, 36(3): 639-645.
