深海采矿一般采用水力集矿方式将海床表层的矿石颗粒采集到集矿机内,圆球矿石颗粒在集矿流场中的受力特性研究是集矿系统的设计基础.通过在实验室设计并搭建水力集矿试验系统，研究不同集矿头离底高度与矿粒直径比(h/d)、集矿头与矿粒底部端点之间的偏转角度(θ)、不同集矿头拖曳速度(vt)对球形矿粒在集矿流场中的垂向受力系数(Cvs)及径向受力系数(Crs)的影响.研究结果表明：Cvs随h/d的增加呈显著的指数关系减小；垂向力预测公式预报的矿粒垂向受力误差小于10%；当θ=20° 时，Cvs达到快速衰减转折点；Cvs和Crs的最大值随着vt的增加有增大的趋势，且当θ=35° 或θ=40° 时，Crs达到最大值.研究结果可为深海采矿水力集矿系统的设计及矿粒精准开采的实施提供一定的参考依据.
Hydraulic collecting is a typical way to collect ores in deep sea mining. The study on mechanical characteristics of spherical particles in collecting flow field is the basis of collecting system design. The experiment system of hydraulic collecting is set up in the laboratory to study the impact of the ratio of bottom clearance to diameter of the particle (h/d), the angle between pipe inlet end face and the bottom of particle (θ), the towed speed of the suction pipe (vt) on vertical suction force coefficient (Cvs) and radius suction force coefficient (Crs). The results show that Cvs decreases exponentially with the increase of h/d; the vertical force predicting model of particles is established with the maximum error less than 10%; θ=20° is the point at which the fast fading of Cvs begins; the maximum of Crs and Cvs tend to increase slightly with the increase of vt, and Crs always reaches the maximum at θ=35° or θ=40°. The results of this article can provide reference for the design of hydraulic collecting system and refinement of collecting process.
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