采用溶胶凝胶一步法分别制备了碱一步催化和酸一步催化的纯SiO2溶胶.通过对2组样品的透射率和耐磨性能进行测试和对比分析，给出了碱、酸催化对薄膜性能的影响规律，并对催化机理进行了研究.碱催化的单层薄膜透过率最高可达到 98.781%，而酸催化的单层薄膜透过率为 95.285%，说明碱催化能得到透射性能更高的薄膜.碱薄膜的机械性能较差，而酸薄膜机械性能好，给出了疏水耐磨薄膜作用机制.通过测量表面处理前后薄膜的水接触角发现，改性后碱薄膜水接触角值达 126.5°，酸薄膜水接触角值为 94.5°.结果表明，经过表面处理能显著提高薄膜疏水性能，是一种简易、经济、高效的得到疏水薄膜的方法.
In this paper, we have developed base-catalyzed and acid-catalyzed approach of pure SiO2 sols by one-pot sol-gel method, respectively. Through the test and comparison of the transmittance and the wear resistance of the two groups of samples, the effect of alkali and acid catalysis on the performance of the film was put forward, and the catalytic mechanism was analyzed. Base catalyst monolayer film transmission can be as high as 98.781%, while the acid catalyst is 95.285%. This shows that the base catalyst can get films with higher transmittance. The mechanical property of the alkali film is poor, while the mechanical properties of the acid film are good, and the mechanism of hydrophobic wear-resistant film is given. By measuring surface water contact angles of the films before and after surface treatment we found that alkali film and acid film water contact angle can reach 126.5° and 94.5°, respectively. The result shows that the hydrophobic performance of films can be improved obviously after surface treatment.
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