通过试验和数值模拟相结合的方法对水平圆柱与波浪、波流相互作用的问题进行研究.首先，在循环水槽中开展了波流与水平圆柱相互作用的试验，试验中分别测量流、波浪以及波流对不同淹没深度的圆柱的水平和垂直作用力.其次，采用RANS方程对部分试验工况进行数值模拟，并对波流与圆柱相互作用过程中自由面的变化以及波浪的反射情况进行分析.接着重点讨论圆柱所受波流作用力的峰值随圆柱淹没深度的变化规律，并将试验测量的受力峰值与Morison公式计算的理论值进行对比，发现波浪的反射和阻塞效应对波流作用力的峰值具有显著的影响.结果表明，波浪的反射作用使受力增加，波浪的阻塞效应使受力减小，而圆柱的受力峰值取决于这两者的相对强弱程度.在波浪反射和阻塞的共同作用下，圆柱的受力和Morison公式计算结果相比，在部分淹没和完全淹没状态下表现出不同的特性.
The interaction between wave-current and the horizontal cylinder located near the free surface is studied experimentally and numerically. Experiments of wave-current interaction on cylinder are conducted in the circulating water channel. The current loads, wave loads and wave-current loads on the cylinder with varying submergence depths are measured. The numerical model applied in this paper is based on RANS equations solved by finite volume method. Based on the simulation results, the free surface deformation and wave reflection in the interaction between wave-current and cylinder are investigated. Then, peak values of the wave force and wave-current force on the cylinder with various axis depths are discussed in detail. The effects of wave reflection and blockage on the peak value of the force are discussed based on the comparison between the measured force and the force calculated by the Morison’s equation. In general, wave reflection increases the peak value of the force while the wave blockage decreases it. Under the combining effect of wave reflection and wave blockage, the variation of forces on the cylinder with the submergence depth is different for partially submerged and fully submerged cases.
［1］OSHKAI P, ROCKWELL D. Free surface wave interaction with a horizontal cylinder［J］. Journal of Fluids and Structures, 1999, 13(7/8): 935-954.
［2］KOH H J, CHO I H. Computation of the inviscid drift force caused by nonlinear waves on a submerged circular cylinder［J］. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 2011, 3(3): 201-207.
［3］ONG M C, KAMATH A, BIHS H, et al. Numerical simulation of free-surface waves past two semi-submerged horizontal circular cylinders in tandem［J］. Marine Structures, 2017, 52: 1-14.
［4］MORISON J R, O’BRIEN M P, JOHNSON J W, et al. The forces exerted by surface waves on piles［J］. Petroleum Transactions. AIME, 1950, 189: 149-154.
［5］DIXON A G, GREATED C A, SALTER S H. Wave forces on partially submerged cylinders［J］. Journal of the Waterway Port, Coastal and Ocean Division, 1979, 105(4): 421-438.
［6］CHEN B, LU L, GREATED C A, et al. Investigation of wave forces on partially submerged horizontal cylinders by numerical simulation［J］. Ocean Engineering, 2015, 107: 23-31.
［7］LI Y, LIN M. Hydrodynamic coefficients induced by waves and currents for submerged circular cylinder［J］. Procedia Engineering, 2010, 4: 253-261.
［8］NING D Z, LIN H X, TENG B, et al. Higher harmonics induced by waves propagating over a submerged obstacle in the presence of uniform current［J］. China Ocean Engineering, 2014, 28(6): 725-738.
［9］YAKHOT V, ORSZAG S A, THANGAM S, et al. Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique［J］. Physics of Fluids A, 1992, 4(7): 1510-1520.
［10］CHOUDHURY D. Introduction to the Renormalization Group Method and Turbulence Modeling ［R］. Park, Lebanon, NH, USA: Fluent Inc., 1993.
［11］PATANKAR S V. Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow［M］. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, 1980.
