针对蜂窝网络中具有能量收集(Energy Harvesting, EH)功能且固定电网作为必要补充的基站，以最小化基站从固定电网消耗的能量，充分利用收集的清洁能量，减小二氧化碳的排放量为目的，研究基站间的能量协作问题.提出了该类基站间能量协作的新模型，基站从可再生能源收集的能量在使用之前先被存储在容量有限的充电电池中，2个基站之间通过相连的电力线共享收集的能量.基于提出的新模型，采用线性规划、贪婪算法和Lyapunov优化研究3种不同情景下的EH基站能量协作方案，并给出相应的最优离线和实时算法.通过数值模拟，验证算法的有效性，以及能量转移效率和电池容量对能量协作下基站性能收益的影响.
The problem of energy cooperation in cellular networks with energy-harvesting (EH) base stations is studied in this paper. Specially, the base stations (BSs) are powered by individual hybrid power supplies (including both the conventional grid and renewable energy sources), connected by resistive power lines for energy sharing. First, we proposed a new model for energy cooperation between cellular BSs, and the energy harvested was stored in individual limited rechargeable batteries before usage. We employed linear programming, greedy algorithm and Lyapunov optimization to develop energy cooperation schemes under three different scenarios based on the proposed new model, and gave the corresponding optimal offline algorithm and online algorithm. The goal in this work is to minimize the sum of the energy consumed by the BSs from the conventional power grid, that is, to improve the utilization efficiency of the energy harvested and reduce carbon emissions. We validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm through numerical simulations, at the same time the impacts of the transfer efficiency and the capacity of the battery on the property of the BSs are given under energy cooperation.
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