为了研究沙粒粒径与含量对空化的影响，通过模拟清水介质下的空化流动，并与实验结果对比，验证算法的可靠性.通过计算含沙水流条件下的空化流动，揭示粒径与含量对空化影响的规律.研究结果表明：沙粒促进空化发展时，体积分数为0.9的空泡较清水介质下的大；沙粒抑制空化发展时，空泡较清水介质下的小.随粒径增加，促进空化发展的含沙量范围逐渐减小，抑制空化发展的含沙量范围逐渐增大，表明粒径与含量共同影响空化的发展.沙粒对空化发展的影响与空化核子、滑移速度、黏滞性和粗糙度等因素有关.
The aim of this research is to study effects of silt mean diameters and silt concentrations on the evolution of cavitation. Cavitation occurring in the pure water was simulated and results were compared with experimental results to verify the algorithm employed. Silt-laden cavitation flows were simulated and laws were revealed. Results indicated that cavitation bubble with volume fraction being 0.9 is larger than pure water, when silt particles promote the evolution of cavitation. When silt particles suppress the evolution of cavitation, the cavitation bubble is smaller than pure water. With silt mean diameters being larger, scope of silt concentration promoting the evolution of cavitation shrank gradually and scope of silt concentration inhibiting the evolution of cavitation increased gradually. Results showed that silt concentrations and silt mean diameters jointly play important roles in the effects on the evolution of cavitation. Cavitation nuclei, slip velocity, viscosity and roughness have a close relation with the effects of silt particles on the evolution of cavitation.
［1］HU H X, ZHENG Y G. The effect of sand particle concentrations on the vibratory cavitation erosion［J］. Wear, 2017, 384/385: 95-105.
［2］HE Z X, CHEN Y H, LENG X Y, et al. Experimental visualization and LES investigations on cloud cavitation shedding in a rectangular nozzle orifice［J］. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 76: 108-116.
［3］中华人民共和国水利部. 中国河流泥沙公报［M］. 北京：中国水利水电出版社，2015.
［4］ANSYS, Inc. ANSYS fluid dynamics verification manual［M］.Canonsburg: ANSYS, Inc, 2013.
［5］NURICK W H. Orifice cavitation and its effects on spray mixing［J］. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1976, 98(4): 681-687.
［6］朱茹莎. 含沙河流水电站水轮机吸出高度的合理确定［D］. 北京: 中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院, 2008.
［7］黄继汤. 空化与空蚀的原理及应用［M］. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1991.
［8］赵伟国, 韩向东, 李仁年, 等. 沙粒粒径与含沙量对离心泵空化特性的影响［J］. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(4): 117-124.
ZHAO Weiguo, HAN Xiangdong, LI Rennian, et al. Effects of silt mean diameter and silt concentration on cavitation flow in centrifugal pump［J］. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(4): 117-124.
［9］韩东, 黄继汤. 振荡空化与泥沙磨损模拟试验研究［J］. 水利学报, 1990(1): 34-37.
HAN Dong, HUANG Jitang. Simulation test and study on the oscillation cavitation and silt abrasion［J］. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 1990(1): 34-37.
［10］程则久, 段生孝, 党云平, 等. 含沙河流水轮机安装高程的选定试验研究［J］. 水力发电, 1996(10): 34-37.
CHENG Zejiu, DUAN Shengxiao, DANG Yunping, et al. Test and study on setting height of water turbine in silt-laden river［J］. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 1996(10): 34-37.
