斜流条件下螺旋桨空泡特性的数值研究

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2024.124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究螺旋桨在斜流工况下的空泡特性并定量分析桨叶空泡面积,以PC456螺旋桨模型为研究对象,基于OpenFOAM平台,采用SST k-ω湍流模型和Schnerr-Sauer空化模型对PC456桨在斜流下的空泡性能进行了数值计算研究,计算了不同相位处桨叶表面的空泡形态和空泡面积.研究发现斜流对螺旋桨空化水动力性能的影响随着斜流角的增大而增加.在[-90°, 40° ]相位范围内,桨叶的空泡面积在-20° 相位处达到最大,且斜流角增大后,空泡面积的变化幅度也有所增加.此外,空泡面积的数值计算结果与实验值吻合较好,尤其在低空泡数工况下,证明了本文采用的数值计算方法的有效性.

关键词: 螺旋桨空化, 斜流, OpenFOAM, 空化模型

Abstract:

To study the cavitation characteristics of propellers under oblique flow conditions and quantitatively analyze the blade cavitation area, this paper takes the PC456 propeller model as the research object. Based on the OpenFOAM platform, the cavitation performance of the PC456 propellers under oblique flow is numerically calculated using the SST k-ω turbulence model and Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model. The results show that the influence of oblique flow on the hydrodynamic performance of the propeller cavitation increases with the increase of the oblique flow angle. Within the phase range of [-90°, 40° ], the cavitation area of the blade reaches its maximum at the -20° phase, and as the oblique angle increases, the amplitude of the change in bubble area also increases. In addition, the numerically predicted cavitation areas are in good agreement with the experimental results, especially under conditions of low cavitation numbers, which validates the effectiveness of the numerical method used in this study.

Key words: propeller cavitation, oblique flow, OpenFOAM, cavitation model

中图分类号:

U664.33

于凯, 成晨, 时光宇, 刘登成, 王超. 斜流条件下螺旋桨空泡特性的数值研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2026, 60(3): 408-417.

YU Kai, CHENG Chen, SHI Guangyu, LIU Dengcheng, WANG Chao. Numerical Study on Cavitation Characteristics of Propeller Under Oblique Flow Conditions[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2026, 60(3): 408-417.

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参数	取值
螺旋桨直径,D/m	0.250
0.7R处螺距比,(P/D)₀_.₇_R	0.700
盘面比,A_E/A₀	0.559
毂径比,d/D	0.147
0.7R处弦长,C₀_.₇_R/mm	77.288
0.7R处最大厚度,T₀_.₇_R/mm	4.125
侧斜角,θ_s/(°)	20

仪器名称	型号	量程	不确定度/%
动力仪	H51	推力:3 000 N	0.2
		转矩:200 N·m	0.2
压力测量变送器	3151DP	0.2 MPa	0.3
水速测量变送器	1151DP	0.3 MPa	0.3
频率计	FC4-490F	10.0 MHz	0.1
直流放大器	DH3840H	0~10.0 V	—
空气含量仪	Van-slyke	0.1~1.0	0.2
实时信号分析仪	SP-01	0~80 kHz	—

网格	网格尺寸		网格总数
网格	桨叶表面	旋转区域	网格总数
G1	0.004 6D	0.018 4D	1 220 201
G2	0.003 4D	0.013 6D	2 723 755
G3	0.002 6D	0.010 4D	4 860 005

网格	K_T			10K_Q
网格	模拟值	实验值	误差/%	模拟值	实验值	误差/%
G1	0.172 9	0.169 1	2.23	0.211 3	0.202 8	4.17
G2	0.172 0	0.169 1	1.75	0.209 0	0.202 8	3.06
G3	0.171 4	0.169 1	1.35	0.207 6	0.202 8	2.38

α/(°)	σ_v	K_T			10K_Q
α/(°)	σ_v	模拟值	实验值	误差/%	模拟值	实验值	误差/%
0	7.27	0.169 5	0.166 4	1.86	0.206 2	0.200 8	2.69
	8.49	0.169 7	0.171 6	-1.11	0.206 6	0.204 9	0.83
	10.53	0.169 8	0.173 8	-2.30	0.206 5	0.207 1	-0.29
	常压	0.170 7	0.173 5	-1.61	0.207 4	0.208 0	-0.29
7	7.27	0.169 3	0.162 2	4.39	0.206 0	0.196 5	4.82
	8.49	0.171 4	0.169 1	1.35	0.207 6	0.202 8	2.38
	10.53	0.171 8	0.176 4	-2.61	0.208 5	0.209 7	-0.55
	常压	0.172 0	0.178 9	-3.86	0.209 3	0.210 6	-0.62
12	7.27	0.171 3	0.168 1	1.90	0.208 8	0.201 5	3.65
	8.49	0.174 6	0.175 7	-0.61	0.211 0	0.209 1	0.91
	10.53	0.174 6	0.183 6	-4.90	0.211 3	0.216 2	-2.27
	常压	0.174 7	0.186 3	-6.23	0.211 3	0.217 2	-2.67
17	7.27	0.172 8	—	—	0.210 0	—	—
	8.49	0.177 7	—	—	0.213 6	—	—
	10.53	0.178 4	—	—	0.213 6	—	—
	常压	0.178 2	—	—	0.213 5	—	—