基于LSTM与注意力结构的肺结节多特征抽取方法

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2021.113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对肺结节的形状特征、边缘特征和内部特征进行准确分类,能够辅助影像科医生的日常诊断工作,提高影像报告的书写效率.针对这一问题,提出一种基于长短时记忆(LSTM)结构与注意力结构的多任务分类模型.该模型通过注意力机制融合各个任务间的共享特征,提高当前任务的特征抽取效果.LSTM结构分类器能够有效地筛选任务间的共享特征,提高模型的信息传递效率.实验表明,相较于传统多任务结构,所提模型在公开数据集LIDC-IDRI上能够取得更好的多特征分类效果,辅助医生快捷地获取肺结节特征信息.

关键词: 肺结节, 注意力结构, 长短时记忆网络, 多任务分类

Abstract:

The accurate classification of shape, edge, and internal features of pulmonary nodules can not only assist the radiologists in their daily diagnosis, but also improve the writing efficiency of imaging reports. This paper proposes a multi-task classification model based on long-short term memory (LSTM) and attention structure, which merges the shared features among different classification tasks through attention mechanism to improve the feature extraction performance of the current task. The classifier based on temporal sequence LSTM structure can effectively screen the shared features and improve the efficiency of information transmission in the multi-task model. Experimental results show that compared with the traditional multi-task structure, the proposed model can achieve better classification results on the public dataset LIDC-IDRI, and assist doctors to quickly obtain nodule characteristics.

Key words: pulmonary nodule, attention structure, long-short term memory(LSTM)network, multi-task classification

中图分类号:

R318
TP181

倪扬帆, 杨媛媛, 谢哲, 郑德重, 王卫东. 基于LSTM与注意力结构的肺结节多特征抽取方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(8): 1078-1088.

NI Yangfan, YANG Yuanyuan, XIE Zhe, ZHENG Dezhong, WANG Weidong. Multi-Feature Extraction of Pulmonary Nodules Based on LSTM and Attention Structure[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2022, 56(8): 1078-1088.

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语义特征	描述	分级	数量
恶性风险	结节的恶性概率	1.可能性极低(0) 2.可能性较低(0) 3.不确定(0) 4.可能性较高(1) 5.可能性极高(1)	(0) 1002 (1) 559
形状	结节的三维圆度	1.索条型(2) 2. -(2) 3.椭球形(1) 4. -(1) 5.球形(0)	(0) 357 (1) 541 (2) 663
边缘	结节边缘是否清晰	1.边缘模糊(0) 2. -(0) 3. -(0) 4.边缘可分(1) 5.边缘十分清晰(1)	(0) 599 (1) 962
毛刺	毛刺出现的密集程度	1~4分级代表毛刺密度(0) 5.未出现毛刺(1)	(0) 1057 (1) 504
分叶	分叶出现的密集程度	1~4分级代表分叶密度(0) 5.未出现分叶(1)	(0) 1287 (1) 274
纹理	结节的内部纹理	1.纯磨玻璃(2) 2. - 3.半实性(1) 4. - 5.实性(0)	(0) 1184 (1) 161 (2) 216
钙化	结节是否出现钙化	1.爆米花型(0) 2.板层状(0) 3.实性(0) 4.非中心型(0) 5.中心型(0) 6.无钙化(1)	176 1385
内部结构	结节的内部组成	1.软组织(0) 2.流体(1) 3. - 4. - 5.空气(2)	(0) 1054 (1) 29 (2) 478

分类特征	Res50			OMoE			Res50+LSTM			Res50+ATT+LSTM
分类特征	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e
形状	66.89	45.25	0.79	67.22	46.52	0.82	68.24	48.61	0.75	70.01	50.97	0.69
边界	78.93	87.12	0.78	78.26	87.22	0.85	78.95	88.64	0.76	79.21	88.01	0.80
毛刺	94.98	97.26	0.58	93.97	96.89	0.57	94.31	97.86	0.53	94.32	97.38	0.53
分叶	94.98	97.42	0.67	94.98	97.42	0.68	95.00	97.46	0.62	95.55	97.89	0.52
内部成分	99.33	34.53	0.03	99.33	34.44	0.02	99.33	34.81	0.07	99.32	33.59	0.05
实性程度	68.56	73.30	0.59	68.22	74.09	0.64	75.57	75.67	0.57	78.62	71.94	0.48
钙化	88.63	94.55	0.32	84.61	91.84	0.41	89.97	94.71	0.35	90.00	94.93	0.33
恶性程度	83.27	66.89	0.77	79.60	66.92	0.90	84.60	67.95	0.70	85.10	75.98	0.63

分类特征	Res50			OMoE			Res50+LSTM			Res50+ATT+Bi-LSTM					Res50+ATT+LSTM
分类特征	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%		e		θ%	F₁%	e
形状	67.22	47.56	0.80	68.23	47.66	0.81	69.20	49.66	0.73	70.98		51.15		0.68	71.21	51.99	0.70
边界	78.66	87.59	0.82	77.93	87.96	0.83	79.20	87.59	0.75	81.25		88.56		0.75	81.11	89.10	0.74
毛刺	94.31	97.07	0.54	94.31	97.10	0.54	94.32	97.38	0.56	94.31		97.42		0.53	94.31	97.65	0.50
分叶	94.98	97.42	0.64	94.98	97.43	0.64	95.10	97.11	0.59	95.12		97.89		0.52	95.66	97.88	0.50
内部成分	99.33	34.36	0.03	99.33	34.67	0.04	99.33	35.01	0.06	99.32		34.89		0.06	99.32	34.41	0.06
实性程度	78.26	75.36	0.57	78.01	67.05	0.62	78.72	75.90	0.51	78.77		71.56		0.58	78.88	71.28	0.48
钙化	89.97	94.88	0.42	89.96	94.71	0.43	89.99	97.48	0.40	92.29		95.15		0.37	92.21	95.12	0.31
恶性程度	81.27	67.65	0.80	80.60	66.29	0.83	84.88	71.29	0.66	86.59		78.05		0.54	86.61	78.11	0.59

特征	文献[9]			文献[20]			Res50+ATT+LSTM
特征	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e	θ%	F₁%	e
形状	-	-	-	-	-	0.86	71.21	51.99	0.70
边界	72.5	68.97	-	-	-	0.92	81.11	89.10	0.74
毛刺	-	-	-	-	-	0.64	94.31	97.65	0.50
分叶	-	-	-	-	-	0.80	95.66	97.88	0.50
内部成分	-	-	-	-	-	0.02	99.32	34.41	0.06
实性程度	-	-	-	-	-	0.18	78.88	71.28	0.48
钙化	90.8	84.74	-	-	-	0.87	92.21	95.12	0.31
恶性程度	84.2	78.64	-	-	-	0.87	86.61	68.11	0.59