有机玻璃观察窗的蠕变特性及数值模拟

doi:10.16183/j.cnki.jsjtu.2019.05.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 传统的线弹性模型在模拟载人深潜器的有机玻璃(PMMA)观察窗蠕变变形时表现出严重的局限性，为解决这一问题，构建了Prony级数形式的线性黏弹性本构模型.采用质量缩放技术和等效时长方法加快了显式动力有限元计算过程，得出了稳定且与实验数据接近的计算结果.结果表明：在常温、高应力、逐步加压的作业环境下，PMMA在加载阶段就已经表现出黏弹性行为.因此，为了保证安全，必须要在整个加压-保载过程中考虑黏弹性效应.结合准静态加载的条件，采用显式动力学分析取代传统的静态分析，与PMMA黏弹性的时变特性相适应.此外，针对观察窗模型局部应力集中的问题，设置倒角可以有效降低局部应力，有限元计算时网格收敛性也更好.

关键词: 载人潜器, 有机玻璃, 观察窗, 蠕变, 黏弹性

Abstract: The traditional linear elastic model demonstrates large limitation to simulate the creep deformation of the polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) observation window on human occupied deep-sea vehicle. A linear viscoelastic constitutive model was built based on Prony series form. The mass scaling method together with the equivalent duration method was introduced to accelerate FEM analysis. The numerical-simulation results showed much stability and fitted well with test data. It was concluded that PMMA window showed viscoelastic behavior when loaded gradually to a high level at room temperature. So the viscoelasticity must be considered during a whole loading-holding process. Under quasi-static condition, traditional static FEM was replaced by dynamic explicit FEM which is adaptive to the time-varying property of PMMA viscoelasticity. It was also found that a fillet could help prevent local stress concentration and improve grid convergence.

Key words: deep-sea manned submersible, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), observation window, creep, viscoelasticity

中图分类号:

O 345

郭大猷, 黄小平, 王芳. 有机玻璃观察窗的蠕变特性及数值模拟[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2019, 53(5): 513-520.

GUO Dayou, HUANG Xiaoping, WANG Fang. The Creep Properties and Numerical Simulation for PMMA Window[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2019, 53(5): 513-520.

参考文献

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Finite element simulation of PMMA aircraft windshield against bird strike by using a rate and temperature dependent nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model［J］. Composite Structures, 2014, 108(1): 21-30. ［6］UZAIR A D, ZHANG Weihong, XU Yingjie. Numerical implementation of strain rate dependent thermo viscoelastic constitutive relation to simulate the mechanical behavior of PMMA［J］. International Journal of Mechanics & Materials in Design, 2014, 10(1): 93-107. ［7］白杰. 超声振动辅助PMMA微压印成形工艺研究［D］. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016. BAI Jie. Research on ultrasonic vibration assisted micro-embossing with PMMA［D］. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016. ［8］WANG Fang, WANG Wuwu, ZHANG Yongkuang, et al. Effect of temperature and nonlinearity of PMMA material in the design of observation windows for a full ocean depth manned submersible［J］. Marine Technology Society Journal, 2019, 53(1): 27-36. ［9］刘道启, 胡勇, 田常录, 等. 深海耐压结构观察窗应力分析［J］. 船舶力学, 2010, 14(1): 121-125. LIU Daoqi, HU Yong, TIAN Changlu, et al. Stress analysis on deep-sea structure’s viewport windows［J］. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2010, 14(1): 121-125. ［10］杜青海, 王嫘, 崔维成. 锥边球扇形观察窗结构的协调性分析［J］. 船舶力学, 2011(Z1): 101-108. DU Qinghai, WANG Lei, CUI Weicheng. Structural compatibility analysis of spherical sector view-port with conical seat.［J］. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2011(Z1): 101-108. ［11］郭春红, 陶忠, 张品乐. ABAQUS显式算法的准静态加速分析方法研究［J］. 低温建筑技术, 2015, 37(8): 73-75. GUO Chunhong, TAO Zhong, ZHANG Pinle. ABAQUS explicit algorithm acceleration method quasi-static analysis［J］. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2015, 37(8): 73-75. ［12］LUO Wenbo, WANG Chuhong, ZHAO Rongguo. Application of time-temperature-stress superposition principle to nonlinear creep of poly(methyl methacrylate)［J］. Key Engineering Materials, 2007, 340/341: 1091-1096.［1］刘道启, 胡勇, 王芳, 等. 载人深潜器观察窗的力学性能［J］. 船舶力学, 2010, 14(7): 782-788. LIU Daoqi, HU Yong, WANG Fang, et al. Creep property of observation window on manned deep-sea submersible［J］. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2010, 14(7): 782-788. ［2］田常录, 胡勇, 刘道启, 等. 深海耐压结构观察窗蠕变变形分析［J］. 船舶力学, 2010, 14(5): 526-532. TIAN Changlu, HU Yong, LIU Daoqi, et al. Creep analysis on deep-sea structure’s viewport windows［J］. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2010, 14(5): 526-532. ［3］谢中秋, 张蓬蓬. PMMA材料的动态压缩力学特性及应变率相关本构模型研究［J］. 实验力学, 2013, 28(2): 220-226. XIE Zhongqiu, ZHANG Pengpeng. On the dynamic compressive mechanical properties and strain rate related constitutive model of PMMA material［J］. Journal of Experimental Mechanics, 2013, 28(2): 220-226. ［4］HU Wenjun, GUO Hui, CHEN Yongmei, et al. Experimental investigation and modeling of the rate-dependent deformation behavior of PMMA at different temperatures［J］. European Polymer Journal, 2016, 85: 313-323. ［5］WANG Jun, XU Yingjie, ZHANG Weihong. Finite element simulation of PMMA aircraft windshield against bird strike by using a rate and temperature dependent nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model［J］. Composite Structures, 2014, 108(1): 21-30. ［6］UZAIR A D, ZHANG Weihong, XU Yingjie. Numerical implementation of strain rate dependent thermo viscoelastic constitutive relation to simulate the mechanical behavior of PMMA［J］. International Journal of Mechanics & Materials in Design, 2014, 10(1): 93-107. ［7］白杰. 超声振动辅助PMMA微压印成形工艺研究［D］. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2016. BAI Jie. Research on ultrasonic vibration assisted micro-embossing with PMMA［D］. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2016. ［8］WANG Fang, WANG Wuwu, ZHANG Yongkuang, et al. Effect of temperature and nonlinearity of PMMA material in the design of observation windows for a full ocean depth manned submersible［J］. Marine Technology Society Journal, 2019, 53(1): 27-36. ［9］刘道启, 胡勇, 田常录, 等. 深海耐压结构观察窗应力分析［J］. 船舶力学, 2010, 14(1): 121-125. LIU Daoqi, HU Yong, TIAN Changlu, et al. Stress analysis on deep-sea structure’s viewport windows［J］. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2010, 14(1): 121-125. ［10］杜青海, 王嫘, 崔维成. 锥边球扇形观察窗结构的协调性分析［J］. 船舶力学, 2011(Z1): 101-108. DU Qinghai, WANG Lei, CUI Weicheng. Structural compatibility analysis of spherical sector view-port with conical seat.［J］. Journal of Ship Mechanics, 2011(Z1): 101-108. ［11］郭春红, 陶忠, 张品乐. ABAQUS显式算法的准静态加速分析方法研究［J］. 低温建筑技术, 2015, 37(8): 73-75. GUO Chunhong, TAO Zhong, ZHANG Pinle. ABAQUS explicit algorithm acceleration method quasi-static analysis［J］. Low Temperature Architecture Technology, 2015, 37(8): 73-75. ［12］LUO Wenbo, WANG Chuhong, ZHAO Rongguo. Application of time-temperature-stress superposition principle to nonlinear creep of poly(methyl methacrylate)［J］. Key Engineering Materials, 2007, 340/341: 1091-1096.

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