微藻生物柴油全生命周期分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以传统柴油为比较基准，采用生命周期评价的方法分析了微藻生物柴油的生命周期化石能耗、石油能耗和温室气体（Greenhouse Gas Emissions, GHG）排放.结果表明：微藻生物柴油生命周期上游阶段的化石能耗比传统柴油的高，石油能耗和温室气体排放较低；微藻生长阶段是化石能耗强度最集中的过程（如大量肥料的使用和电力等过程燃料的投入），其次为油脂提取阶段；使用微藻生物柴油（M-BD100）可减少石油资源消耗和降低温室气体排放；在现有条件下，微藻生物柴油掺混20%（体积比）的传统柴油可降低生命周期化石能耗和温室气体排放.

关键词: 生物柴油, 微藻, 生命周期, 能耗, 温室气体排放

Abstract:

This paper presents the impact of energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of microalgal biodiesel compared with the conventional petroleum based diesel via life cycle assessment (LCA). The results indicated that the fossil energy consumption of upstream stage for microalgal biodiesel was higher than that of petroleum based diesel, except for petroleum consumption and GHG emissions. The growth of microalgae was the most energyintensive stage during its life cycle, followed by oil extraction stage. From the perspective of the full life cycle, microalgal biodiesel (BD100) can reduce the life cycle petroleum consumption and GHG emissions. At present, the use of BD20 can decrease the life cycle fossil energy consumption and GHG emissions.

Key words: biodiesel, microalgae, life cycle assessment, energy consumption, GHG emissions

中图分类号:

TK 6

张庭婷，谢晓敏，黄震. 微藻生物柴油全生命周期分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2014, 48(06): 750-755.

ZHANG Tingting,XIE Xiaomin,HUANG Zhen. Life Cycle Analysis of Microalgal Biodiesel in China[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2014, 48(06): 750-755.

参考文献

［1］Bergmann J C, Tupinambá D D, Costa O Y A, et al. Biodiesel production in Brazil and alternative biomass feedstocks［J］. Renew and Sust Energ Rev, 2013, 21: 411420.

［2］Tyner W E, Taheripour F, Zhuang Q, et al. Land use changes and consequent CO2 emissions due to US corn ethanol production: A comprehensive analysis［R］.Illinois: Argonne National Laboratory, 2010.

［3］Bright R M, Stromman A H. Life cycle assessment of second generation bioethanols produced from scandinavian boreal forest resources a regional analysis for middle Norway［J］. J Ind Ecol, 2009, 13 (4):514531.

［4］Rawat I, Ranjith Kumar R, Mutanda T, et al. Biodiesel from microalgae: A critical evaluation from laboratory to large scale production［J］. Appl Energ， 2013, 103: 444467.

［5］Zhang X, Yan S, Tyagi R D, et al. Energy balance and greenhouse gas emissions of biodiesel production from oil derived from wastewater and wastewater sludge［J］. Renew Energ, 2013, 55: 392403.

［6］Campbell P K, Beer T, Batten D. Life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from microalgae in ponds［J］. Bioresource Technol, 2011, 102 (1):5056.

［7］LIAO Yanfen, HUANG Zehao, MA Xiaoqian. Energy analysis and environmental impacts of microalgal biodiesel in China［J］. Energ Policy, 2012, 45: 142151.

［8］雷爱先, 刘维新. 论解决我国闲置土地问题的财税对策［J］. 中国土地科学, 1999, 13 (1):2427.

LEI Aixian, LIU Weixin. The countermeasures of solving the finance and the taxation problems of indel land in China［J］. China Land Science, 1999, 13 (1):2427.

［9］Wang M, Wu Y, Elgowainy A. GREET 1.8d.1 (FuelCycle Model)［CP/OL］. (20120326)［20130526］. Illinois: Argonne National Laboratory, 2010. http://www.anl.gov/.

［10］Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report［R］. Geneva, Switzerland: IPCC, 2007.

［11］Ou X, Zhang X, Chang S. Alternative fuel buses currently in use in China: Lifecycle fossil energy use, GHG emissions and policy recommendations［J］. Energ Policy, 2009, 38 (1):406418.

［12］国家统计局.中国能源统计年鉴2012［M］. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2012.

［13］国家统计局.中国能源统计年鉴2011［M］. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2011.

［14］张阿玲,申威, 韩维建,等. 车用替代燃料生命周期分析［M］. 北京:清华大学出版社, 2008.

［15］中国石油天然气集团公司. 中国石油天然气集团公司2009年度报告［R］. 北京: 中国石油天然气集团公司, 2010.

［16］国家统计局. 中国能源统计年鉴2009［M］. 北京:国家统计出版社, 2009.

［17］Stephenson A L, Kazamia E, Dennis J S, et al. Lifecycle assessment of potential algal biodiesel production in the United Kingdom: A comparison of raceways and airlift tubular bioreactors［J］. Energ Fuel, 2010, 24: 40624077.

［18］Pruvost J, Van Vooren G, Le Gouic B, et al. Systematic investigation of biomass and lipid productivity by microalgae in photobioreactors for biodiesel application［J］. Bioresource Technol, 2011, 102 (1):150158.

［19］Pruvost J, Van Vooren G, Cogne G, et al. Investigation of biomass and lipids production with Neochloris oleoabundans in photobioreactor［J］. Bioresource Technol, 2009, 100 (23):59885995.

［20］Collet P, Héias A, Lardon L, et al. Lifecycle assessment of microalgae culture coupled to biogas production［J］. Bioresource Technol, 2011, 102 (1): 207 214.

［21］Demirbas A. Use of algae as biofuel sources［J］. Energ Conver Manag, 2010, 51 (12): 27382749.

［22］Lee A K, Lewis D M, Ashman P J. Energy requirements and economic analysis of a fullscale microbial flocculation system for microalgal harvesting［J］. Chem Eng Res Des, 2010, 88 (8A): 988996.

［23］缪晓玲, 吴庆余. 微藻油脂制备生物柴油的研究［J］. 太阳能学报, 2007, 28 (2): 219222.

MIAO Xiaoling, WU Qingyu. Study on preparation of biodiesel from microalgal oil［J］. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2007, 28 (2): 219222.

［24］Batan L, Quinn J, Willson B, et al. Net energy and greenhouse gas emission evaluation of biodiesel derived from microalgae［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 2010, 44 (20): 79757980.

［25］邢爱华, 马捷, 张英皓, 等. 生物柴油全生命周期资源和能源消耗分析［J］. 过程工程学报, 2010, 10 (2): 314320.

XING Aihua, MA Jie, ZHANG Yinghao, et al. Life cycle assessment of resource and energy consumption for production of biodiesel［J］. The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering, 2010, 10 (2): 314320.

［26］Xie X, Wang M, Han J. Assessment of fuelcycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for FischerTropsch diesel from coal and cellulosic biomass［J］. Environ Sci Technol, 2011, 45 (7): 30473053.

［27］Park J B K, Craggs R J, Shilton A N. Wastewater treatment high rate algal ponds for biofuel production［J］. Bioresource Technol, 2010, 102 (1): 3242.

［28］欧训民. 中国道路交通部门能源消费和GHG排放全生命周期分析［D］. 北京: 清华大学管理科学与工程学院, 2010.

[1]	曾国治, 魏子清, 岳宝, 丁云霄, 郑春元, 翟晓强. 基于CNN-RNN组合模型的办公建筑能耗预测[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2022, 56(9): 1256-1261.
[2]	肖冉, 魏子清, 翟晓强. 基于支持向量机的办公建筑逐时能耗预测[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(3): 331-336.
[3]	姜宇迪, 胡晖, 殷跃红. 基于无监督迁移学习的电梯制动器剩余寿命预测[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(11): 1408-1416.
[4]	涂壤, 刘孟丹, 王思琪. 转轮辅助空气取水流程优化及性能分析[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(11): 1392-1400.
[5]	卓鹏程, 严瑾, 郑美妹, 夏唐斌, 奚立峰. 面向滚动轴承全生命周期故障诊断的GA-OIHF Elman神经网络算法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2021, 55(10): 1255-1262.
[6]	王林涛, 孙春华, 林志民, 虞翔宇, 乔信起, 袁雄, 王继刚. 引射比对生物柴油斯特林发动机燃烧影响的仿真研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(8): 856-865.
[7]	许显杨，陈璐. 考虑设备可靠性与能耗的平行机调度[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(3): 247-255.
[8]	王瑞昌,陈志华,明新国. 船舶动力系统全生命周期绿色设计的评价方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2020, 54(3): 256-264.
[9]	吕翊，师劲，杨娅娅. 弹性光网络中基于光路维持时间感知的节能策略[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2018, 52(9): 1104-1111.
[10]	黄太安, 宋峥嵘, 喻龙, 张小钢, 蒋小华, 王佳, 徐庚, 尹宝瑞. VPRM材料编码在海洋石油工程建造中的深化应用[J]. 海洋工程装备与技术, 2014, 1(1): 91-94.
[11]	朱理, 苏宏业, 沈清泓, 卢山. 钢铁二次能源利用效率的评估[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2012, 46(12): 1926-1930.
[12]	贾耀锋, 苗瑞, 曹金涛, 王丽亚, 江志斌. 基于博弈论的制造企业开展全生命周期服务的策略研究 [J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2012, 46(12): 1989-1993.
[13]	戴智华a,b. 高校闭环全生命周期科研创新管理模式研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2011, 45(09): 1420-1424.
[14]	李云鹤，胡文伟，李湛. 企业生命周期视角下董事会治理结构演变——来自中国A股上市公司的经验研究 [J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2010, 44(12): 1635-1640.
[15]	肖卓凌，何晨，蒋铃鸽. 带睡眠机制的IEEE 802.15.4 MAC协议性能分析 [J]. 上海交通大学学报（自然版）, 2010, 44(08): 1103-1108.